Nokea
Which of the following would indicate that the patient has a normal corneal light reflex?
- A. The eye focuses the image in the center of the pupil.
- B. The eyes converge to focus on the light.
- C. Constriction of both pupils occurs in response to bright light.
- D. Light is reflected at the same spot in both eyes.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because a normal corneal light reflex involves light being reflected at the same spot in both eyes. This indicates that both eyes are aligned properly and focusing light in the same direction. Choice A is incorrect because it refers to accommodation, not the corneal light reflex. Choice B is incorrect as convergence is related to eye movement, not the corneal light reflex. Choice C is incorrect as pupil constriction in response to light is known as the pupillary light reflex, not the corneal light reflex.
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A nurse has already set the agenda during a patient-centered interview. What will the nurse do next?
- A. Begin with introductions.
- B. Ask about the chief concerns or problems.
- C. Explain that the interview will be over in a few minutes.
- D. Tell the patient “I will be back to administer medications in 1 hour.”
Correct Answer:
Rationale: Correct Answer: B: Ask about the chief concerns or problems.
Rationale: After setting the agenda, the nurse should proceed by asking about the patient's chief concerns or problems to focus the interview on the patient's needs. This step helps in gathering important information and establishing rapport. Introductions are usually done at the beginning of the interview, so it is not the next step. Explaining that the interview will be over in a few minutes can create anxiety and hinder open communication. Telling the patient about administering medications in 1 hour is not relevant at this point in the interview.
The nurse should include which of the following in preprocedure teaching for a patient scheduled for carotid angiography?
- A. "You will be put to sleep before the needle Is inserted."
- B. "The test will take several hours."
- C. "You may fee! a burning sensation when the dye is injected."
- D. "There will be no complications."
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: "You may feel a burning sensation when the dye is injected." This is important to include in preprocedure teaching for carotid angiography because it prepares the patient for a common sensation they may experience during the procedure. Providing this information helps manage expectations and reduce anxiety.
Choice A is incorrect because carotid angiography is typically done with the patient awake. Choice B is incorrect as carotid angiography usually takes around 30-60 minutes. Choice D is incorrect because there can be complications associated with carotid angiography, such as allergic reactions or damage to blood vessels.
JR is admitted to the medical-surgical unit because of a diagnosis of nephritic syndrome. What is the hallmark of this syndrome?
- A. osmotic dieresis
- B. hypolipidemia
- C. edema
- D. hyperproteinemia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The hallmark of nephritic syndrome is edema due to proteinuria leading to hypoalbuminemia. Protein loss in urine causes decreased colloid osmotic pressure, leading to fluid leaking into tissues, causing edema. Osmotic diuresis (A) is unrelated to nephritic syndrome. Hypolipidemia (B) and hyperproteinemia (D) are not characteristic of nephritic syndrome.
Which of the ff. is the best explanation of emphysema for a newly diagnosed patient?
- A. “You have inflamed bronchioles, which causes a lot of secretions.”
- B. “Your lungs have lost some of their elasticity, and air gets trapped.”
- C. “The blood supply to your lungs is damaged, so you can’t absorb oxygen.”
- D. “You have large dilated sacs of sputum in your lungs.”
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because emphysema is characterized by the destruction of the alveoli walls, leading to a loss of elasticity in the lungs. This results in air becoming trapped in the lungs, making it difficult to exhale properly.
Explanation for why the other choices are incorrect:
A: Inflamed bronchioles causing secretions describe bronchitis, not emphysema.
C: Damage to the blood supply isn't a primary feature of emphysema; it's more about lung tissue destruction.
D: Large dilated sacs of sputum in the lungs is not an accurate description of emphysema; it's more related to bronchiectasis.
Which of the following is most important discharge teaching for Mr. Dela Isla
- A. Emergency Numbers
- B. Relaxation technique
- C. Drug Compliance
- D. Dietary prescription SITUATION: Mr. Franco, 70 years old, suddenly could not lift his spoons nor speak at breakfast. He was rushed to the hospital unconscious. His diagnosis was CVA.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Drug Compliance. After a CVA (stroke), it is crucial for Mr. Dela Isla to understand and adhere to his prescribed medications. Medications help prevent further strokes and manage underlying conditions. Drug compliance ensures optimal treatment outcomes. Emergency Numbers (A) are important but not the priority post-stroke. Relaxation techniques (B) may be helpful but not as critical as medication adherence. Dietary prescription (D) is important but not as urgent as drug compliance in this scenario.