Nokea
Which of the following would the nurse identify as a factor that alters drug response in children and infants? (Select one that does not apply.)
- A. Slower gastric emptying
- B. Greater surface area
- C. Less protein binding
- D. Decreased body water content
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Children and infants are not small adults; therefore, they have altered pharmacokinetics. Factors that alter pharmacokinetics in children include slower gastric emptying, less cutaneous fat, greater surface area, increased body water content, less protein binding, and immature hepatic and renal function.
You may also like to solve these questions
Juanita had a deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and was on heparin in the hospital and was discharged on warfarin. She asks her primary care provider NP why she was getting both medications while in the hospital. The best response is to:
- A. Contact the hospitalist as this is not the normal guideline for prescribing these two medications and she may have had a more complicated case
- B. Explain that warfarin is often started while a patient is still on heparin because warfarin takes a few days to reach effectiveness
- C. Encourage the patient to contact the Customer Service department at the hospital as this was most likely a medication error during her admission
- D. Draw anticoagulation studies to make sure she does not have dangerously high bleeding times
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Warfarin's delayed onset requires heparin overlap for immediate anticoagulation; this is standard, not an error or exception .
The mean weight of 500 college students is 70 kg and the standard deviation is 3 kg. Assuming that the weight is normally distributed, determine how many students weigh less than 64 kg.
- A. 5
- B. 11
- C. 15
- D. 20
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Z-score: (64-70)/3 = -2. P(Z < -2) = 1 - P(Z ≤ 2). Using standard tables, P(Z ≤ 2) ≈ 0.9772, so P(Z < -2) = 1 - 0.9772 = 0.0228 (document says 0.02128, likely a typo). Then, 0.0228 * 500 ≈ 11, matching the document.
Student nurses are learning to weigh patients and do vital signs. How does a correct weight impact administering medication?
- A. Proper dosage calculation
- B. Assessing changes in fluid balance
- C. Assessing changes in nutritional status
- D. Caloric needs
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Accurate weight is essential for calculating correct medication dosages, especially for weight-based drugs.
A nurse is caring for a client who is taking oral Oxycodone The client states he is also taking lbuprofen in three recommended doses daily. The nurse should identify that an interaction between these two medications will cause which of the following findings?
- A. A decrease in serum levels of ibuprofen, possibly leading to a need for increased doses of this medication
- B. A decrease in serum levels of oxycodone, possibly leading to a need for increased doses of this medication
- C. An increase in the expected therapeutic effect of both medications
- D. An increase in expected adverse effects for both medications
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Both are analgesics; combined use enhances pain relief , a therapeutic synergy, without necessarily increasing adverse effects.
A patient presents to the emergency department with a drug level of 50 units/mL. The half-life of this drug is 1 hour. With this drug, concentrations above 25 units/mL are considered toxic and no more drug is given. How long will it take for the blood level to reach the non-toxic range?
- A. 30 minutes
- B. 1 hour
- C. 2 hours
- D. 3 hours
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Half-life is the time required for the serum concentration of a drug to decrease by 50%. After 1 hour, the serum concentration would be 25 units/mL (50/2) if the body can properly metabolize and excrete the drug. After 2 hours, the serum concentration would be 12.5 units/mL (25/2) and reach the nontoxic range. In 30 minutes the drug level would be 37.5 units/mL, whereas in 3 hours the drug level would be 6.25.