Nokea
A 35-year-old male has been an insulin-dependent diabetic for five years and now is unable to urinate.
Which of the following would you most likely suspect?
- A. Atherosclerosis
- B. Diabetic neuropathy
- C. Autonomic neuropathy
- D. Somatic neuropathy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Autonomic neuropathy can impair bladder function, causing urinary retention in long-term diabetes.
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A 23-year-old woman at 32-weeks gestation is seen in the outpatient clinic. Which of the following findings, if assessed by the nurse, would indicate a possible complication?
- A. The client's urine test is positive for glucose and acetone.
- B. The client has 1+ pedal edema in both feet at the end of the day.
- C. The client complains of an increase in vaginal discharge.
- D. The client says she feels pressure against her diaphragm when the baby moves.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Positive urine glucose and acetone suggest gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), which can lead to placental insufficiency and fetal complications, requiring immediate evaluation. Pedal edema (B), increased vaginal discharge (C), and diaphragmatic pressure (D) are common in late pregnancy and not typically concerning unless accompanied by other symptoms.
The nurse is assessing a client with suspected rheumatoid arthritis. Which of the following findings would support this diagnosis?
- A. Morning stiffness lasting over 30 minutes.
- B. Heberden’s nodes on the fingers.
- C. Pain in a single joint after exercise.
- D. Fever and weight loss without joint pain.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Morning stiffness lasting over 30 minutes is a hallmark of rheumatoid arthritis due to synovial inflammation. Heberden’s nodes (B) indicate osteoarthritis, single-joint pain (C) suggests injury, and fever/weight loss (D) are nonspecific without joint involvement.
A client asks the nurse about her beta-blockers medication effect to her angina.
What would be the nurse's response?
- A. Decrease cardiac output.
- B. Increase cardiac output.
- C. Decrease cardiac contractility.
- D. Increase cardiac contractility.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Beta-blockers decrease heart rate and cardiac contractility, reducing myocardial oxygen demand and relieving angina.
Which of the following is considered a sequela of a staphylococcal infection that may result to glomerulonephritis?
Infected burn wound
- A. Impetigo
- B. Skin problem from chickenpox
- C. Herpes simplex
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Impetigo is a bacterial infection of the skin caused by streptococci or staphylococci. Group A hemolytic streptococci can cause rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis.
A nurse is providing care for an elderly patient with dementia. Which of the following interventions is most appropriate?
- A. Encourage the patient to make complex decisions
- B. Provide a structured routine
- C. Limit social interactions
- D. Avoid physical activity
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A structured routine reduces confusion and promotes safety in dementia. Complex decisions overwhelm, social interactions benefit, and activity supports health.