Nokea
Which of these diseases does NOT require the introduction of foreign nucleic acid?
- A. kuru
- B. polio
- C. rabies
- D. St. Louis encephalitis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A (kuru) because kuru is a prion disease caused by misfolded proteins, not foreign nucleic acid. Polio, rabies, and St. Louis encephalitis are caused by viruses, which contain foreign nucleic acid. Prions do not contain nucleic acid and replicate by inducing misfolding of normal cellular proteins. Therefore, kuru does not require the introduction of foreign nucleic acid for its transmission and development.
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The nurse is providing care for a client admitted to the hospital after a motor vehicle accident. After being informed by family members that the patient is deaf and mute, which action should the nurse take?
- A. Avoid use of the Glasgow Coma Scale.
- B. Consider the Babinski response invalid.
- C. Utilize a three-point scale to grade muscle strength.
- D. Perform the Romberg test with the patient in a seated position.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) cannot be fully assessed in a patient who is deaf and mute, as verbal responses cannot be evaluated. The Babinski reflex, muscle strength grading, and Romberg test are not affected by the patient's communication abilities. Alternative assessment tools should be used.
Bradycardia can occur in response to:
- A. elevated intraocular pressure
- B. ocular massage
- C. pulling of the extraocular muscle
- D. all above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Bradycardia can be triggered by elevated intraocular pressure, ocular massage, or extraocular muscle manipulation due to the oculocardiac reflex.
The nurse practitioner is reviewing the chart of a patient who is scheduled to receive their first dose of sumatriptan (Imitrex) in the clinic today. Past medical history is positive for only migraines. Which of the following requires further evaluation before the medication is administered?
- A. Recent naproxen (Naprosyn) use
- B. Current blood pressure 142/90 mmHg
- C. Resting pulse rate of 61 bpm
- D. Adverse reaction to ubrogepant (Ubrelvy)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Current blood pressure 142/90 mmHg. Before administering sumatriptan, the nurse practitioner should further evaluate the patient's elevated blood pressure to ensure it is not contraindicated for the medication. Sumatriptan can potentially increase blood pressure, so it is crucial to monitor and address any hypertension before giving the medication.
Choice A: Recent naproxen use is not a direct contraindication for sumatriptan. Both medications are commonly used together for migraine treatment.
Choice C: A resting pulse rate of 61 bpm is within the normal range and does not require further evaluation before administering sumatriptan.
Choice D: Adverse reaction to ubrogepant is not relevant for evaluating the safety of sumatriptan. Each medication has its own set of potential side effects and interactions.
In taking a health history in a patient with periarteritis nodosa, it would be most important to ask questions related to dysfunction of which system?
- A. Cardiovascular
- B. Renal
- C. Visual
- D. Immunologic
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Periarteritis nodosa primarily affects blood vessels, impacting cardiovascular function.
The ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve
- A. Enters the face via the inferior orbital fissure
- B. Supplies sympathetic fibres to constrictor papillae muscles
- C. Supplies sensation to the forehead and upper eyelid, excluding the orbit
- D. Gives five branches, two of which contain sympathetic as well as sensory fibres
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The ophthalmic division (V1) of the trigeminal nerve gives five branches, including the lacrimal and frontal nerves, which supply sensation to the forehead and upper eyelid. It does not control eye movement.