Questions Neurological System

Questions Neurological System Related

Review Questions Neurological System related questions and content

Which of these is the most important cause of adult onset epilepsy?

  • A. neurocysticercosis
  • B. neurotoxoplasmosis
  • C. primary amoebic meningoencephalitis
  • D. African trypanosomiasis
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: neurocysticercosis. Neurocysticercosis is the most common cause of adult onset epilepsy worldwide. It is caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Taenia solium. The larvae can infect the brain and lead to seizures. Neurotoxoplasmosis (B) is more commonly associated with HIV patients. Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (C) is caused by the amoeba Naegleria fowleri and is rare. African trypanosomiasis (D) does not typically cause epilepsy. Therefore, neurocysticercosis is the most important cause of adult onset epilepsy due to its global prevalence and direct impact on the brain leading to seizures.

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Regarding the optic pathways

  • A. Combined inferior rectus and superior oblique gives lateral gaze
  • B. Abducent paralysis makes eye turn down and out
  • C. Superior rectus makes eye turn up and out
  • D. Trochlear paralysis, eye cannot look downwards when turned out
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The trochlear nerve (IV) innervates the superior oblique muscle, which depresses and abducts the eye. Paralysis of this nerve prevents downward gaze when the eye is turned inward.

Acetylcholine and norepinephrine act because of their affect on receptors at the ________ membrane.

  • A. axonal
  • B. cell body
  • C. presynaptic
  • D. postsynaptic
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Acetylcholine and norepinephrine exert their effects by binding to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane of neurons. When these neurotransmitters bind to their receptors, they trigger changes in the postsynaptic neuron's membrane potential, either exciting or inhibiting the neuron. This interaction is essential for transmitting signals across synapses and enabling communication within the nervous system.

White matter refers to myelinated fibers in the:

  • A. CNS
  • B. PNS
  • C. ANS
  • D. SNS
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: White matter consists of myelinated axons found in the central nervous system (CNS). The PNS, ANS, and SNS contain myelinated fibers, but the term 'white matter' specifically refers to the CNS. Therefore, A is the correct answer.

Deuterium oxide and inulin are injected into a normal 30-year-old man. The volume of distribution of deuterium oxide is found to be 42 L and that of inulin 14 L.

  • A. The man's intracellular fluid volume is about 14 L.
  • B. The man's intracellular fluid volume is about 28 L.
  • C. The man's plasma volume is about 7 L.
  • D. The man's interstitial fluid volume is about 9 L.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Deuterium oxide distributes throughout total body water (TBW), while inulin distributes only in extracellular fluid (ECF). The intracellular fluid (ICF) volume is calculated as TBW - ECF. Here, TBW = 42 L and ECF = 14 L, so ICF = 42 - 14 = 28 L. This calculation is based on the principle that deuterium oxide measures all body water, while inulin is restricted to the extracellular compartment.

The home health nurse is caring for the client newly diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. Which client issue is of most importance?

  • A. The client refuses to have a gastrostomy feeding.
  • B. The client wants to discuss if she should tell her fiancé.
  • C. The client tells the nurse life is not worth living anymore
  • D. The client needs the flu and pneumonia vaccines.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Expressing feelings of hopelessness or suicidal ideation requires immediate intervention to ensure the client's safety and provide emotional support.

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