Questions Neurological System

Questions Neurological System Related

Review Questions Neurological System related questions and content

Executive Functions: involve problem-solving, planning, initiative, organising, and they monitor and inhibit complex behaviours. These functions are normally associated with which area of the brain?

  • A. The neocortex.
  • B. The corpus callosum.
  • C. The cerebellum.
  • D. The prefontal cortex.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The prefrontal cortex, located in the frontal lobe of the brain, is primarily responsible for executive functions such as problem-solving, planning, decision-making, and self-regulation. This brain region plays a critical role in coordinating complex cognitive processes and inhibiting inappropriate behaviors. Damage to the prefrontal cortex can result in significant impairments in executive functioning, leading to difficulties in managing daily tasks and adapting to new situations.

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Cerebellar function is assessed by which of the following tests?

  • A. Muscle size and strength
  • B. Cranial nerve examination
  • C. Coordination - hop on one foot
  • D. Spinothalamic tract
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Cerebellar function is assessed by testing coordination, balance, and fine motor skills. Asking the patient to hop on one foot evaluates their balance and coordination, which are controlled by the cerebellum. Muscle size and strength, cranial nerve examination, and the spinothalamic tract are not specific to cerebellar function.

Afferent nerves are called ______, and motor nerves are called ______.

  • A. motor nerves; sensory nerves
  • B. peripheral nerves; cranial nerves
  • C. mixed nerves; motor nerves
  • D. sensory nerves; efferent nerves
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Afferent nerves are sensory nerves that carry signals toward the CNS, while efferent nerves are motor nerves that carry signals away from the CNS. Motor nerves and sensory nerves are not interchangeable terms, making D the correct answer.

The tectum is located in the _____________.

  • A. hindbrain
  • B. midbrain
  • C. forebrain
  • D. spinal cord
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The tectum is part of the midbrain and is involved in auditory and visual reflexes. It includes structures like the superior and inferior colliculi, which play roles in processing sensory information.

Axoplasm is the ________ .

  • A. blood plasma that nourishes a nerve
  • B. fluid external to the axon but inside the myelin sheath
  • C. cytoplasm of the dendrite
  • D. cytoplasm of the axon
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Axoplasm is the cytoplasm of the axon, the long, slender projection of a neuron that transmits nerve impulses. It contains organelles, cytoskeletal elements, and other components necessary for maintaining the axon's structure and function. Axoplasm plays a crucial role in the transport of molecules and organelles between the cell body and the axon terminals, ensuring the proper functioning of the neuron.

Damage to the hippocampus is most likely to impair:

  • A. memory
  • B. balance
  • C. sleep
  • D. breathing
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The hippocampus is a brain structure critical for forming and retrieving memories, particularly long-term memories. Damage to the hippocampus, such as from injury or disease, can result in severe memory impairments, including the inability to form new memories (anterograde amnesia) or recall past events (retrograde amnesia). The hippocampus also plays a role in spatial navigation and contextual learning, making it essential for cognitive function.

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