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Axoplasm is the ________ .
- A. blood plasma that nourishes a nerve
- B. fluid external to the axon but inside the myelin sheath
- C. cytoplasm of the dendrite
- D. cytoplasm of the axon
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Axoplasm is the cytoplasm of the axon, the long, slender projection of a neuron that transmits nerve impulses. It contains organelles, cytoskeletal elements, and other components necessary for maintaining the axon's structure and function. Axoplasm plays a crucial role in the transport of molecules and organelles between the cell body and the axon terminals, ensuring the proper functioning of the neuron.
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A young adult client complains of blurred vision and muscle spasms that come and go over the past several months. On what information from the client's history should the nurse focus to help identify this help problem?
- A. Family history of Parkinson disease
- B. Family history of epilepsy
- C. Is an immigrant from Germany
- D. Has been depressed
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A family history of MS or related autoimmune conditions, as well as geographic factors (e.g., higher prevalence in northern latitudes), can provide clues to the diagnosis. Depression is common in MS but is not diagnostic.
The causes of somatic system disorders may be related to:
- A. faulty perceptions of body sensations.
- B. traumatic childhood events.
- C. culture-bound phenomena.
- D. mood instability.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Somatic system disorders involve physical symptoms with no apparent medical cause.
Step 2: Faulty perceptions of body sensations can lead to exaggerated or misinterpreted physical symptoms.
Step 3: This can result in somatic system disorders like hypochondriasis or somatic symptom disorder.
Step 4: Traumatic childhood events (choice B) may contribute to psychological disorders but are not specific to somatic system disorders.
Step 5: Culture-bound phenomena (choice C) and mood instability (choice D) are not primary causes of somatic system disorders.
Summary: The correct answer is A because faulty perceptions of body sensations can directly contribute to somatic system disorders, while the other choices are not directly related to the development of these disorders.
The tectum is located in the _____________.
- A. hindbrain
- B. midbrain
- C. forebrain
- D. spinal cord
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The tectum is part of the midbrain and is involved in auditory and visual reflexes. It includes structures like the superior and inferior colliculi, which play roles in processing sensory information.
During an assessment, Nurse Johnson observes Brudzinski's sign and Kernig's sign in a patient. She recognizes these as two classic indicators associated with a specific medical condition. Which disorder is Nurse Johnson likely considering based on these signs?
- A. Parkinson's disease
- B. Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
- C. Seizure disorder
- D. Meningitis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Brudzinski's sign and Kernig's sign are indicative of meningeal irritation, commonly seen in meningitis.
Quadriplegia or tetraplegia refers to paralysis involving what part(s) of the body?
- A. all four limbs
- B. the entire body
- C. the legs and feet
- D. the arms and hands
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Quadriplegia, also known as tetraplegia, refers to paralysis affecting all four limbs and typically the torso. It is usually caused by a spinal cord injury in the cervical region, which disrupts communication between the brain and the limbs.