Questions Neurological System

Questions Neurological System Related

Review Questions Neurological System related questions and content

A 33-year-old female presents with drooping of her eyelid that seem to occur while reading or watching television. This appears to get worse later in the day. She also reports that at times she sees "double." A few weeks ago, she was prescribed an antibiotic medication for a urinary tract infection. She does not recall the name of the antibiotic. On physical exam, bilateral ptosis, with the left affected more than the right is seen. Pupillary function intact. A glove is filled with ice, and subsequently applied to the patient's eyelid. After two minutes, the patient's ptosis has improved. Which of the following is most likely to yield rapid symptom improvement?

  • A. Corticosteroids
  • B. Plasma exchange
  • C. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
  • D. Thymectomy
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The patient's symptoms of ptosis and diplopia that worsen with activity and improve with rest are classic for myasthenia gravis. The ice pack test, which improves ptosis, further supports this diagnosis. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, such as pyridostigmine, are the first-line treatment for symptomatic improvement in myasthenia gravis. Corticosteroids and plasma exchange are used for long-term management or severe cases, while thymectomy is a surgical option for thymoma-associated myasthenia gravis.

You may also like to solve these questions

When testing for motor function, the nurse should be aware of:

  • A. Symmetry and strength of muscle movements.
  • B. The patient's skin color and temperature.
  • C. The patient's blood glucose levels.
  • D. The patient's heart rate and rhythm.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Motor function testing involves assessing symmetry and strength of muscle movements. Skin color, blood glucose levels, and heart rate are unrelated to motor function.

Axoplasm is the ________ .

  • A. blood plasma that nourishes a nerve
  • B. fluid external to the axon but inside the myelin sheath
  • C. cytoplasm of the dendrite
  • D. cytoplasm of the axon
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Axoplasm is the cytoplasm of the axon, the long, slender projection of a neuron that transmits nerve impulses. It contains organelles, cytoskeletal elements, and other components necessary for maintaining the axon's structure and function. Axoplasm plays a crucial role in the transport of molecules and organelles between the cell body and the axon terminals, ensuring the proper functioning of the neuron.

The following are neurotransmitters in the autonomic ganglia:

  • A. GABA
  • B. noradrenaline
  • C. acetylcholine
  • D. 5 HT
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Acetylcholine is the primary neurotransmitter in autonomic ganglia, where it mediates synaptic transmission between pre- and post-ganglionic neurons. GABA, noradrenaline, and 5-HT are not involved in ganglionic transmission.

The presence of dysdiadochokinesis suggests damage to the following:

  • A. black substance
  • B. spinal cord
  • C. cerebellar
  • D. occipital lobe
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Cerebellar is the correct answer because dysdiadochokinesis, or the inability to perform rapid alternating movements, is a hallmark sign of cerebellar dysfunction. The cerebellum is responsible for coordinating voluntary movements, and damage to this area disrupts the timing and precision of motor actions.

Millions of sensory receptors detect changes, called ________, which occur inside and outside the body.

  • A. neuron
  • B. skin
  • C. motor
  • D. stimuli
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Sensory receptors detect changes, known as stimuli, which occur both inside and outside the body. These stimuli can include temperature, pressure, light, and chemical changes. Neurons are the cells that transmit these signals, while the skin is an organ that contains sensory receptors. Motor refers to the output of the nervous system, such as muscle movement. Stimuli is the correct answer as it refers to the changes detected by sensory receptors.

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