Nokea
Which of these physiological changes would not be considered part of the sympathetic fight-or-flight response?
- A. increased heart rate
- B. increased sweating
- C. dilated pupils
- D. increased stomach motility
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: increased stomach motility. In the sympathetic fight-or-flight response, the body prioritizes blood flow to essential organs and muscles, leading to decreased activity in non-essential functions like digestion (stomach motility). This is to conserve energy for immediate action. Increased heart rate, sweating, and dilated pupils are all part of the fight-or-flight response as they prepare the body for quick action and heightened awareness.
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An action potential:
- A. is essential for nerve impulse propagation
- B. involves the influx of negative ions to depolarize the membrane
- C. involves the outflux of negative ions to depolarize the membrane
- D. involves the outflux of positive ions to depolarize the membrane
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: An action potential is essential for nerve impulse propagation, as it is the electrical signal that travels along the neuron. It involves the influx of positive sodium ions to depolarize the membrane, not negative ions or potassium ion movements. Therefore, A is the correct answer.
A patient in traction frequently voices discomfort. Which one of the following complaints by Mrs. Iris would indicate beginning decubitus formation?
- A. Numbness of her toes on her left foot
- B. Pain around the insertion of the Kirschner wire
- C. Stiffness and aching of the right ankle
- D. Burning pain in the sacral area
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Burning pain in the sacral area can indicate pressure sores forming due to prolonged pressure.
Which of the following nursing interventions may reduce hemostasis and decrease the potential for thrombophlebitis for a client with neurologic disorder?
- A. Remove and reapply elastic stockings
- B. Change the client's position
- C. Keep extremities at neutral position
- D. Use a flotation mattress
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Changing position promotes circulation and reduces clot formation.
Pupil dilatation occurs with:
- A. neostigmine
- B. cocaine
- C. atenolol
- D. codeine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cocaine causes pupil dilation (mydriasis) by inhibiting norepinephrine reuptake, leading to increased sympathetic activity. Neostigmine, atenolol, and codeine do not cause pupil dilation.
A 70-year-old patient is admitted after falling from his roof. He has a spinal cord injury at the C7 level. What findings during the assessment identify the presence of spinal shock?
- A. Paraplegia with a flaccid paralysis
- B. Tetraplegia with total sensory loss
- C. Total hemiplegia with sensory and motor loss
- D. Spastic tetraplegia with loss of pressure sensation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Flaccid paralysis below the level of injury indicates spinal shock.