Nokea
With regard to the cutaneous innervation of the thorax and abdomen
- A. above the 2nd rib, the skin is supplied by the cervical plexus (C4)
- B. loss of a single spinal segment will produce a sensory deficit
- C. it is supplied segmentally by the anterior primary rami of T1 to L1
- D. T8 supplies skin at the level of the umbilicus
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The thorax and abdomen are supplied segmentally by the anterior primary rami of T1 to L1. Each dermatome corresponds to a specific spinal nerve level.
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The 'sodium-potassium pump' pumps ___________.
- A. sodium ions out and potassium ions in
- B. sodium ions in and potassium ions out
- C. sodium and potassium ions in
- D. sodium and potassium ions out
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The sodium-potassium pump is a membrane protein that actively transports sodium ions out of the neuron and potassium ions into the neuron. This process requires energy in the form of ATP and helps maintain the resting membrane potential. By creating a concentration gradient of these ions, the pump ensures that the neuron is ready to generate action potentials and transmit nerve impulses efficiently.
Crutchfield tongs are inserted into Joe's scalp and 20 lb of weight are attached to the traction. The main goals of this treatment measure are to
- A. prevent head movement and reduce cerebral complications
- B. limit body movement and reduce edema
- C. immobilize the spine and reduce the fracture
- D. prevent development of autonomic dysreflexia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Immobilization helps stabilize the spine and reduce fractures.
The LPN/LVN, under your supervision, is providing nursing care for a patient with GBS. What observation would you instruct the LPN/LVN to report immediately?
- A. Complaints of numbness and tingling
- B. Facial weakness and difficulty speaking
- C. Rapid heart rate of 102 beats per minute
- D. Shallow respirations and decreased breath sounds
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Respiratory compromise is a critical concern in GBS and requires immediate attention.
What is the priority nursing diagnosis for a patient experiencing a migraine headache?
- A. Acute Pain related to biologic and chemical factors
- B. Anxiety related to change in or threat to health status
- C. Hopelessness related to deteriorating physiological condition
- D. Risk for Side Effects related to medical therapy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Migraine headaches are primarily characterized by severe pain, making Acute Pain the priority.
The patient asks, 'What does the doctor mean when he says that I have an avulsion fracture in my leg? I thought I had a sprain!' What is the best response by the nurse?
- A. It is a fracture with more than two fragments
- B. It means that a ligament pulled a bone fragment loose
- C. The line of the fracture is twisted along the shaft of the bone
- D. The line of the fracture is at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the bone
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: An avulsion fracture occurs when a ligament or tendon pulls a piece of bone away from its main body.