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The nurse is reviewing the principles of family-centered care with a primiparous patient. Which patient statement will the nurse need to correct?
- A. “Remaining focused on my family will help benefit me and my baby.”
- B. “Most of the time, childbirth is uncomplicated and a healthy event for the family.”
- C. “Because childbirth is normal, after my baby’s birth our family dynamics will not N R I G B.C M U S N T O change.”
- D. “With correct information, I am able to make decisions regarding my health care while I am pregnant.”
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because it is important for the nurse to clarify that childbirth can indeed bring about changes in family dynamics, as adding a new member can impact relationships and roles. This is a key principle of family-centered care. Choice A emphasizes the importance of family support, which aligns with the concept. Choice B highlights the commonality of uncomplicated childbirth, which is also relevant. Choice D emphasizes the patient's autonomy in decision-making, which is another important aspect of family-centered care.
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What is a risk factor for breast cancer?
- A. menarche at age 15
- B. family history of diabetes
- C. alcohol use of at least 2 drinks per day
- D. history of three vaginal births by age 25
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: alcohol use of at least 2 drinks per day. Alcohol consumption has been consistently linked to an increased risk of breast cancer. Alcohol can raise estrogen levels in the body, thereby increasing the risk of developing breast cancer. Menarche at age 15 (choice A) is not a risk factor as early menarche is associated with a slightly decreased risk. Family history of diabetes (choice B) and history of three vaginal births by age 25 (choice D) are not directly linked to breast cancer risk.
A nurse is teaching a client who is to start using a diaphragm for contraception. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I will leave the diaphragm in place for 4 hours following intercourse.
- B. I will remove the diaphragm by catching the rim below the dome with my forefinger.
- C. I will place a thin layer of mineral oil on the diaphragm once per week.
- D. I will place 2 teaspoons of spermicide on the inside of the diaphragm before inserting it.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Spermicide should be applied before inserting the diaphragm to maximize contraceptive effectiveness.
A nurse is reviewing evidence-based teaching and learning principles. Which situation is most conducive to learning with patients of other cultures?
- A. An auditorium is being used as a classroom for 300 students.
- B. A teacher who speaks very little Spanish is teaching a class of Hispanic students.
- C. A class is composed of students of various ages and educational backgrounds.
- D. An Asian nurse provides nutritional information to a group of pregnant Asian women.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because it demonstrates cultural competence by matching the nurse's background with the patients'. This helps establish trust, understanding, and effective communication. The nurse is more likely to be familiar with cultural norms and preferences, making the teaching more culturally relevant and impactful.
A: An auditorium setting with a large number of students may not allow for individualized cultural considerations.
B: Language barriers can hinder effective communication and understanding, impacting learning outcomes.
C: While diversity can enrich learning, the varying backgrounds may not necessarily address specific cultural needs as effectively as a tailored approach.
Which information regarding substance abuse is important for the nurse to understand?
- A. Cigarette smoking has little effect on maternity-related health.
- B. Women, ages 21 to 34 years, have the highest rates of specific alcohol-related problems.
- C. Coffee is a stimulant that has been related to birth defects.
- D. Prescription psychotherapeutic drugs do not affect the fetus.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Alcohol abuse during pregnancy has been associated with many negative outcomes. Cigarette smoking impairs fertility and causes low-birth-weight infants.
Through the use of social media technology, nurses can link with other nurses who may share similar interests, insights about practice, and advocate for clients. Which factor is the most concerning pitfall for nurses using this technology?
- A. Violation of client privacy and confidentiality
- B. Institutions and colleagues who may be cast in an unfavorable light
- C. Unintended negative consequences for using social media
- D. Lack of institutional policy governing online contact
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The most significant pitfall is the violation of client privacy and confidentiality.