Nokea
Which one is a Non-reversible pulmonary disease in which the bronchi are blocked with mucous and infection and rupture of alveoli
- A. Silicosis
- B. Asphyxia
- C. Emphysema
- D. Embolism
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Emphysema is the correct answer because it is a non-reversible pulmonary disease characterized by the destruction of lung tissue, leading to the blockage of bronchioles and rupture of alveoli. This results in difficulty breathing and reduced oxygen exchange. Silicosis (A) is caused by inhaling silica dust, not related to bronchial blockage. Asphyxia (B) is a condition of suffocation, not related to pulmonary disease. Embolism (D) is the blockage of a blood vessel by a clot, not specific to the bronchi or alveoli.
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When the nurse reads the diagnosis of centrilobar emphysema, the nurse recognizes that this type of emphysema is characterized by:
- A. No significant smoking history in the patient.
- B. Enlarged and broken down bronchioles, with intact alveoli.
- C. Hypoelastic bronchi and bronchioles.
- D. Deficiency of the enzyme inhibitor alpha "“ antitrypsin.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because centrilobar emphysema is characterized by enlarged and broken down bronchioles with intact alveoli. This type of emphysema primarily affects the respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts in the upper lung lobes. The other choices are incorrect because: A) Significant smoking history is usually present in patients with centrilobar emphysema. C) Hypoelastic bronchi and bronchioles are not characteristic of centrilobar emphysema. D) Deficiency of the enzyme inhibitor alpha-1 antitrypsin is associated with a different type of emphysema called panlobar emphysema, not centrilobar emphysema.
What is the term used to describe the fluid buildup in the lungs often seen in heart failure patients?
- A. Ascites
- B. Edema
- C. Pleurisy
- D. Effusion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Edema. In heart failure patients, fluid buildup in the lungs is known as pulmonary edema. This occurs due to the heart's inability to pump effectively, leading to fluid leaking into the lungs' air sacs. Ascites (A) is fluid buildup in the abdomen, not the lungs. Pleurisy (C) is inflammation of the lining around the lungs, not fluid buildup. Effusion (D) refers to fluid accumulation in body cavities like the chest or abdomen, but it is not specific to the lungs like pulmonary edema.
The lungs move easily within their protective sacs due to
- A. intrapleural fluid.
- B. leaking plasma.
- C. blood.
- D. mucus.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: intrapleural fluid. Intrapleural fluid reduces friction between the lungs and the chest wall, allowing them to move easily during breathing. This fluid creates a lubricated surface that facilitates smooth movement. Leaking plasma (B) and mucus (D) do not provide the necessary lubrication for lung movement. Blood (C) plays a role in oxygen exchange but does not directly contribute to the ease of lung movement within the pleural sacs.
Regarding the lung
- A. There are about 300 million alveoli in the human lung
- B. The terminal bronchioles are the smallest airways without alveoli
- C. Anatomic dead space = 150 ml
- D. All of the above are true
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because all of the statements are true.
A: The human lung contains approximately 300 million alveoli, which are essential for gas exchange.
B: Terminal bronchioles are the smallest airways without alveoli, connecting the bronchioles to the alveoli.
C: Anatomic dead space refers to the volume of air in the respiratory system that does not participate in gas exchange and is approximately 150 ml.
Therefore, since all statements are accurate, the correct answer is D.
A patient is scheduled to have excess pleural fluid aspirated with a needle in order to relieve her dyspnea. The patient inquires about the normal function of pleural fluid. What should the nurse describe?
- A. It allows for full expansion of the lungs within the thoracic cavity.
- B. It prevents the lungs from collapsing within the thoracic cavity.
- C. It limits lung expansion within the thoracic cavity.
- D. It lubricates the movement of the thorax and lungs.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: It lubricates the movement of the thorax and lungs. Pleural fluid acts as a lubricant between the layers of the pleura, reducing friction and allowing smooth movement during respiration. This function is crucial for the efficient expansion and contraction of the lungs during breathing.
Explanation:
1. A (It allows for full expansion of the lungs within the thoracic cavity): While pleural fluid does contribute to lung expansion, its main role is not to solely allow for full expansion.
2. B (It prevents the lungs from collapsing within the thoracic cavity): This is incorrect as the pleural pressure, rather than the pleural fluid, prevents lung collapse.
3. C (It limits lung expansion within the thoracic cavity): This is incorrect as pleural fluid actually facilitates lung expansion by reducing friction.