Questions on the Respiratory System

Questions on the Respiratory System Related

Review Questions on the Respiratory System related questions and content

Factors affecting the release of oxygen from hemoglobin can be visualized by using a

  • A. spirograph
  • B. pulmonary volume chart
  • C. respiratory cycle chart
  • D. oxygen-hemoglobin saturation curve
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: oxygen-hemoglobin saturation curve. This is because the oxygen-hemoglobin saturation curve graphically depicts the relationship between the saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen and the partial pressure of oxygen. This curve helps visualize factors affecting oxygen release, such as pH, temperature, and carbon dioxide levels.

A: Spirograph is a tool used for drawing geometric shapes and has no relevance to hemoglobin oxygen release.

B: Pulmonary volume chart is used to measure lung volumes and capacities, not specifically related to hemoglobin oxygen release.

C: Respiratory cycle chart may show breathing patterns but does not directly visualize factors affecting oxygen release from hemoglobin.

In summary, the oxygen-hemoglobin saturation curve is the most appropriate tool for visualizing factors influencing oxygen release from hemoglobin, making it the correct choice over the other options.

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Which of the following are not present prior to birth?

  • A. Pulmonary arterial resistance is high
  • B. Pulmonary vessels are collapsed
  • C. Rib cage is compressed
  • D. Alveoli are expanded
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Alveoli are expanded. Prior to birth, the alveoli in the lungs are collapsed, and they begin to expand and develop after birth when the baby starts breathing air. A: Pulmonary arterial resistance is high due to blood flow bypassing the lungs. B: Pulmonary vessels are collapsed to prevent blood flow in the fetal lungs. C: The rib cage is compressed in the womb due to the limited space, but it expands after birth to allow for lung expansion.

A nurse is providing care after auscultating a client's breath sounds. Which assessment finding is correctly matched to the nurse's primary intervention?

  • A. Hollow sounds are heard over the trachea. The nurse increases the oxygen flow rate.
  • B. Crackles are heard in bases. The nurse encourages the client to cough forcefully.
  • C. Wheezes are heard in central areas. The nurse administers an inhaled bronchodilator.
  • D. Vesicular sounds are heard over the periphery. The nurse has the client breathe deeply.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because wheezes indicate narrowing of airways, requiring bronchodilation. Step 1: Identify the assessment finding (wheezes). Step 2: Understand that wheezes indicate airway constriction. Step 3: Appropriately intervene by administering a bronchodilator to dilate the airways and improve breathing. Other choices are incorrect because: A: Increasing oxygen flow rate does not address airway constriction. B: Encouraging coughing for crackles does not address airway narrowing. D: Deep breathing for vesicular sounds does not target airway constriction.

Carbonic anhydrase

  • A. combines with water to form carbonic acid
  • B. dissociates into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions.
  • C. is normally found in red blood cells.
  • D. all of the above
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the reversible reaction between carbon dioxide and water to form carbonic acid, which then dissociates into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions. It is indeed found in red blood cells, aiding in CO2 transport. Therefore, all the statements are true, making option D the correct answer.

A male client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is recovering from a myocardial infarction. Because the client is extremely weak and can't produce an effective cough, the nurse should monitor closely for:

  • A. Pleural effusion
  • B. Pulmonary edema
  • C. Atelectasis
  • D. Oxygen toxicity
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Atelectasis. In a client with COPD recovering from a myocardial infarction, the weakened state and ineffective cough can lead to the collapse of alveoli, causing atelectasis. This condition can further impair gas exchange and oxygenation, leading to respiratory distress. Monitoring for atelectasis is crucial to prevent complications. Pleural effusion (A) and pulmonary edema (B) are not directly related to the client's condition and symptoms. Oxygen toxicity (D) is a potential concern with high oxygen therapy but is not the most immediate risk for this client scenario.

The partial pressure of oxygen in the interstitial space of peripheral tissues is approximately

  • A. 40 mm Hg
  • B. 45 mm Hg
  • C. 50 mm Hg
  • D. 70 mm Hg
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 40 mm Hg. In peripheral tissues, oxygen is delivered by the blood through capillaries. The partial pressure of oxygen in the interstitial space of peripheral tissues is lower than in the blood, around 40 mm Hg. This allows for the diffusion of oxygen from capillaries to cells. Choice B (45 mm Hg) and C (50 mm Hg) are slightly higher pressures and would not promote efficient oxygen diffusion. Choice D (70 mm Hg) is closer to arterial blood oxygen levels and would not allow sufficient oxygen release to tissues. Thus, the correct answer is A as it reflects the physiological conditions necessary for effective oxygen delivery to cells.

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