Nokea
During a health promotion program, why should the nurse plan to target women in a discussion of lung cancer prevention?
- A. Women develop lung cancer at a younger age than men.
- B. More women die of lung cancer than die from breast cancer.
- C. Women have a worse prognosis from lung cancer than do men.
- D. Women are more likely to develop small cell carcinoma than men.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Since the statement "Women are more likely to develop small cell carcinoma than men" is not a valid reason for targeting women in a discussion of lung cancer prevention, it becomes the correct answer in this context.
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The partial pressure of oxygen in the interstitial space of peripheral tissues is approximately
- A. 40 mm Hg
- B. 45 mm Hg
- C. 50 mm Hg
- D. 70 mm Hg
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 40 mm Hg. In peripheral tissues, oxygen is delivered by the blood through capillaries. The partial pressure of oxygen in the interstitial space of peripheral tissues is lower than in the blood, around 40 mm Hg. This allows for the diffusion of oxygen from capillaries to cells. Choice B (45 mm Hg) and C (50 mm Hg) are slightly higher pressures and would not promote efficient oxygen diffusion. Choice D (70 mm Hg) is closer to arterial blood oxygen levels and would not allow sufficient oxygen release to tissues. Thus, the correct answer is A as it reflects the physiological conditions necessary for effective oxygen delivery to cells.
Which assessment information will you need to communicate to the physician?
- A. The client says she has not been to the lab to have an aPTT done.
- B. The right calf is warm to touch and is larger than the left calf.
- C. The client is unable to remember her husband's name.
- D. There are multiple ecchymotic areas on the client's arms.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Swelling and warmth in the right calf suggest worsening DVT, warranting immediate physician notification. Missing lab tests (A), cognitive issues (C), and bruising (D) are less urgent.
Carbonic anhydrase
- A. combines with water to form carbonic acid
- B. dissociates into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions.
- C. is normally found in red blood cells.
- D. all of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the reversible reaction between carbon dioxide and water to form carbonic acid, which then dissociates into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions. It is indeed found in red blood cells, aiding in CO2 transport. Therefore, all the statements are true, making option D the correct answer.
A patient is having her tonsils removed. The patient asks the nurse what function the tonsils normally serve. Which of the following would be the most accurate response?
- A. The tonsils separate your windpipe from your throat when you swallow.
- B. The tonsils help to guard the body from invasion of organisms.
- C. The tonsils make enzymes that you swallow and which aid with digestion.
- D. The tonsils help with regulating the airflow down into your lungs.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: The tonsils help to guard the body from invasion of organisms. Tonsils are part of the immune system and act as the body's first line of defense against bacteria and viruses that enter through the mouth and nose. They help to trap and kill these pathogens, preventing them from causing infections in the body. This function is essential for overall immune response and protection against illnesses.
Explanation for why the other choices are incorrect:
A: The tonsils do not separate the windpipe from the throat. That function is performed by the epiglottis.
C: Tonsils do not make enzymes for digestion. Enzymes for digestion are mainly produced by the pancreas and salivary glands.
D: Tonsils do not regulate airflow into the lungs. The epiglottis and other structures in the respiratory system are responsible for regulating airflow.
A nurse is providing care after auscultating a client's breath sounds. Which assessment finding is correctly matched to the nurse's primary intervention?
- A. Hollow sounds are heard over the trachea. The nurse increases the oxygen flow rate.
- B. Crackles are heard in bases. The nurse encourages the client to cough forcefully.
- C. Wheezes are heard in central areas. The nurse administers an inhaled bronchodilator.
- D. Vesicular sounds are heard over the periphery. The nurse has the client breathe deeply.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because wheezes indicate narrowing of airways, requiring bronchodilation. Step 1: Identify the assessment finding (wheezes). Step 2: Understand that wheezes indicate airway constriction. Step 3: Appropriately intervene by administering a bronchodilator to dilate the airways and improve breathing. Other choices are incorrect because: A: Increasing oxygen flow rate does not address airway constriction. B: Encouraging coughing for crackles does not address airway narrowing. D: Deep breathing for vesicular sounds does not target airway constriction.