Nokea
Which one is true for enteropathogenic E.coli?
- A. They have fimbrial adhesins to bind enterocytes
- B. They cause bloody diarrhea in children similar to shigellosis
- C. These organisms are part of the normal intestinal flora
- D. They are invasive and produce enterotoxin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) have fimbrial adhesins that help them bind to enterocytes in the intestines, leading to colonization and infection. This is a key virulence factor of EPEC.
Explanation for why other choices are incorrect:
B: EPEC typically cause watery diarrhea in infants, not bloody diarrhea similar to shigellosis.
C: EPEC are not part of the normal intestinal flora; they are pathogenic bacteria.
D: EPEC are not invasive and do not typically produce enterotoxin; they primarily adhere to the intestinal epithelium.
You may also like to solve these questions
A 40 year old man noticed a reddening and an edema of skin in the area of his neck that later developed into a small abscess. The incised focus is dense, yellowish-green. The pus contains white granules. Histological examination revealed drusen of a fungus, plasmatic and xanthome cells, macrophages. What type of mycosis is the most probable?
- A. Actinomycosis
- B. Aspergillosis
- C. Candidosis
- D. Sporotrichosis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Sporotrichosis. Sporotrichosis is caused by the fungus Sporothrix schenckii, which commonly presents as a subcutaneous infection. In the given case, the presence of a small abscess with yellowish-green pus containing white granules is indicative of sporotrichosis. The histological examination showing drusen of a fungus, plasmatic and xanthome cells, and macrophages further supports the diagnosis of sporotrichosis.
Choice A: Actinomycosis is a bacterial infection caused by Actinomyces species, not a fungal infection.
Choice B: Aspergillosis is caused by Aspergillus species and typically presents as a pulmonary infection, not a subcutaneous abscess as described in the case.
Choice C: Candidosis is caused by Candida species and usually presents as mucocutaneous infections, not a subcutaneous abscess with the
Cholera is a serious gastrointestinal illness caused by bacteria of the genus:
- A. Escherichia
- B. Salmonella
- C. Vibrio
- D. Acinetobacter
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Vibrio. Cholera is caused by Vibrio cholerae bacteria. These bacteria produce a toxin that causes severe diarrhea and dehydration. Escherichia (choice A) and Salmonella (choice B) are known for causing other types of gastrointestinal infections but not cholera. Acinetobacter (choice D) typically causes respiratory infections, not gastrointestinal illnesses like cholera. Therefore, the correct choice is Vibrio as it is specifically associated with cholera.
Diaper rash in infants is commonly caused by:
- A. Sporothrix schenckii
- B. Actinomyces
- C. Candida albicans
- D. Malassezia furfur
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Candida albicans. Candida albicans is a common fungal organism that causes diaper rash in infants due to its ability to thrive in warm, moist environments. It can overgrow in the diaper area, leading to irritation and inflammation. Sporothrix schenckii (A) is a fungus that causes skin infections, but not typically diaper rash. Actinomyces (B) is a bacterium that is not commonly associated with diaper rash. Malassezia furfur (D) is a yeast that causes conditions like dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis, but not diaper rash in infants.
The dynamic balance of the species in the normal microflora is known as
- A. dysbiosis
- B. eukaryota
- C. dispersion
- D. eubiosis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: eubiosis. Eubiosis refers to a state of balance and harmony among the species in the normal microflora. This term signifies a healthy and stable microbial community. Dysbiosis (A) is the opposite, indicating an imbalance or disruption in the microflora. Eukaryota (B) refers to organisms with cells containing a nucleus, not specifically related to the balance of microflora. Dispersion (C) refers to the spreading or distribution of microorganisms, not specifically related to their balance. In summary, eubiosis best describes the dynamic balance of species in the normal microflora, making it the correct choice.
Bacterial infections of the female reproductive system include:
- A. vaginitis, toxic shock syndrome, endometritis, and salpingitis
- B. nephritis, endometritis, vaginitis, and pelvic inflammatory disease
- C. toxic shock syndrome, nephritis, endometritis, and cystitis
- D. endometritis, vaginitis, cystitis, and toxic shock syndrome
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale:
1. Vaginitis is a common bacterial infection in the female reproductive system.
2. Toxic shock syndrome can be caused by certain bacterial infections.
3. Endometritis is inflammation of the endometrium often due to bacterial infections.
4. Salpingitis is inflammation of the fallopian tubes, commonly caused by bacteria.
Summary:
- Choice B: Nephritis is a kidney infection, not related to female reproductive system infections.
- Choice C: Nephritis and cystitis are not specific to the female reproductive system.
- Choice D: Cystitis is a bladder infection, not typically considered part of female reproductive system infections.