Nokea
Which one of the following is a cause of oligohydramnios?
- A. Absence of fetal urine production
- B. Excessive fetal urine production
- C. Blockage of the fetal gastro-intestinal tract
- D. Dizygotic twinning thus twin to twin transfusion
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Oligohydramnios can result from fetal kidney problems, leading to lack of urine production.
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A complication that is associated with breech delivery is
- A. Compression of cord
- B. Neonatal cephalhematoma
- C. Pathological jaundice
- D. Abruption placentae
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Breech delivery is often associated with cord compression, which can cause fetal distress.
Melanie is a 31-year-old patient who is being evaluated following a routine urinalysis that revealed microscopic hematuria. She was between menses and has no other identifiable explanation for hematuria. She has no significant medical history and otherwise is without complaint. The AGACNP knows that workup for Melanie should include
- A. A urology consultation
- B. CT urogram
- C. Upper urinary imaging
- D. Cystoscopy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Upper urinary imaging is the appropriate next step in the workup for Melanie based on the presentation of microscopic hematuria with no other identifiable explanation. Upper urinary imaging, such as an ultrasound or CT scan, can help evaluate the upper urinary tract, including the kidneys and ureters, to investigate potential causes of hematuria. This step is commonly recommended before proceeding to invasive procedures like cystoscopy or consultation with a urologist. It allows for a non-invasive assessment of the upper urinary system to identify any potential abnormalities that may be causing the hematuria in the patient.
Occipito-posterior position: b) Define occipito-posterior position
- A. Fetus faces the mother's spine with head down
- B. Fetal head facing the mother's back
- C. Head facing the mother's pelvis, facing the back
- D. Both B and C
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Occipito-posterior position occurs when the baby faces the mother's back with the head down.
Puerperal pyrexia is characterized by any episode of fever during the entire puerperium.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
- C. -
- D. -
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Puerperal pyrexia is defined by persistent fever, not any episode during puerperium.
Based on vaginal examination findings, indicators of abnormal labor are
- A. Bandl’s ring and oedematous vulva
- B. Oedematous cervix and fetal hypoxia
- C. Maternal distress and severe moulding
- D. Hot, dry vagina and arrest in descent
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A hot, dry vagina and lack of descent suggest abnormal labor patterns.