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Which one of the following statements is most accurate regarding the age at onset of a mental illness such as schizophrenia?
- A. Persons who are diagnosed at a younger age will more likely have a poorer outcome.
- B. Persons who are diagnosed at a younger age will more likely have a better outcome.
- C. Age at diagnosis is not related to outcomes.
- D. Younger clients have more experiences that will help them.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Persons who are diagnosed with schizophrenia at a younger age at onset have poorer outcomes, such as more negative signs and less effective coping skills, than do people with a later age at onset.
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A nurse and a client of Chinese heritage are collaborating on treatment goals. The nurse would document which of the following as the client's priority goal?
- A. The client will be free of pain and excess stress.
- B. The client will express a feeling of balance and harmony.
- C. The client will be free of physical symptoms of illness.
- D. The client will express gratefulness to God for recovery.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chinese culture prioritizes health as a balance of body, mind, and spirit.
A nurse is teaching decision-making skills to a client with dependent personality disorder. According to Erikson, the likely cause of the client developing dependent personality is failure to meet the critical task of which developmental stage?
- A. Trust
- B. Autonomy
- C. Initiative
- D. Industry
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Failure to complete the critical task of industry versus inferiority results in a negative outcome, impeding the development of confidence in one's abilities, which can contribute to dependent personality traits.
A nurse is working with a Middle-Eastern client being treated for major depression. The client is expressing feelings of guilt for not being able to 'snap out of it.' A therapeutic response by the nurse would be.
- A. You have to keep trying to feel better
- B. What do you think could have caused your depression?
- C. Clinical depression is not something you have brought on yourself
- D. It will take several weeks for your medicine to start to help you feel better
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Educating the client that depression is not self-induced addresses cultural beliefs about control over mental illness.
Spirituality is especially important in helping people cope primarily for which of the following reasons?
- A. Spirituality involves the essence of a person's being and beliefs.
- B. Spirituality gives people set personal goals.
- C. Spirituality provides a reliable support network.
- D. Spirituality guides beliefs about the meaning of life events.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Spirituality primarily guides beliefs about the meaning of life events, serving as a primary coping mechanism.
Which of the following questions best encourages the client to disclose information the nurse must assess to provide culturally competent care?
- A. How do you want me to help you?
- B. Do you want me to contact your preacher?
- C. What special dietary preferences do you have?
- D. Which family members do you want to receive calls from?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: An open-ended question like 'How do you want me to help you?' encourages clients to share cultural values without assumptions.