Nokea
Which part of the digestive system absorbs most of the vitamins and minerals?
- A. small intestine
- B. large intestine
- C. mouth
- D. esophagus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The small intestine is the correct answer because it is the primary site for nutrient absorption, including vitamins and minerals. It has a large surface area thanks to villi and microvilli, facilitating absorption. The large intestine mainly absorbs water and electrolytes, not vitamins and minerals. The mouth and esophagus are not involved in nutrient absorption but rather in the initial stages of digestion and transportation of food.
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A nurse is assessing a client who has peptic ulcer disease. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as the priority?
- A. Epigastric discomfort
- B. Dyspepsia
- C. Constipation
- D. Hematemesis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Hematemesis. This is the priority finding because it indicates upper gastrointestinal bleeding, which can be life-threatening. The nurse should address this immediately to prevent further complications. Epigastric discomfort (A) and dyspepsia (B) are common symptoms of peptic ulcer disease but do not indicate active bleeding. Constipation (C) is not directly related to peptic ulcer disease and does not pose an immediate threat to the client's health.
In preparing a client for a colonoscopy procedure, which task is most suitable to delegate to the nursing assistant?
- A. Explain the need for clear liquids 1-3 days prior to procedure.
- B. Reinforce NPO status 8 hours prior to procedure.
- C. Administer laxatives 1-3 days prior to procedure.
- D. Administer an enema the night before the procedure.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: Delegation Principle - The task should be within the nursing assistant's scope of practice.
Step 2: NPO reinforcement is a basic instruction that does not require clinical judgment.
Step 3: Nursing assistant can remind the client about NPO status without interpreting medical information.
Step 4: Administering laxatives (C) and enema (D) require clinical judgment and should be done by licensed staff.
Step 5: Explaining the need for clear liquids (A) involves providing medical information, not just a reminder.
Priority Decision: In instituting a bowel training program for a patient with fecal incontinence, what should the nurse first plan to do?
- A. Teach the patient to use a perianal pouch.
- B. Insert a rectal suppository at the same time every morning.
- C. Place the patient on a bedpan 30 minutes before breakfast.
- D. Assist the patient to the bathroom at the time of the patient's normal defecation.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because assisting the patient to the bathroom at the time of their normal defecation helps establish a routine for bowel movements, which is crucial in bowel training. This step maximizes the chances of success by utilizing the body's natural cues. Teaching the patient to use a perianal pouch (A) does not address the underlying issue of incontinence. Inserting a rectal suppository (B) may provide temporary relief but does not promote long-term bowel control. Placing the patient on a bedpan (C) at a specific time does not actively involve the patient in the process of bowel training.
Using MyPlate as a guide, what changes could the nurse suggest to bring the man's diet more in line with nutrition recommendations?
- A. Increase fruits and vegetables
- B. Decrease protein intake
- C. Increase fat intake
- D. Increase calorie intake
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Increase fruits and vegetables. MyPlate recommends filling half of your plate with fruits and vegetables. By suggesting this change, the nurse can help the man consume more essential nutrients, fiber, and antioxidants. This will improve his overall diet quality. Decreasing protein intake (B) may lead to inadequate protein consumption, which is essential for muscle health. Increasing fat intake (C) may lead to excess calorie intake and weight gain. Increasing calorie intake (D) may not be necessary and could lead to weight gain if not balanced with physical activity.
Which of the following statements are correct? P. Mechanical digestion occurs in the stomach. Q. Cholecystokinin, gastrin and secretin are produced by an enteroendocrine cells. R. Pancreas, small intestine and salivary glands produce digestive enzymes. S. Mucous neck cells, chief cells, parietal cells present in the stomach.
- A. P and Q
- B. Q and R
- C. P,Q and R
- D. P,Q,R and S
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Sure! Here is a step-by-step rationale for why answer choice D is correct:
P. Mechanical digestion occurs in the stomach: This statement is correct as the stomach performs mechanical digestion through the churning and mixing of food with gastric juices.
Q. Cholecystokinin, gastrin, and secretin are produced by enteroendocrine cells: This statement is correct as these hormones are indeed produced by enteroendocrine cells to regulate various digestive processes.
R. Pancreas, small intestine, and salivary glands produce digestive enzymes: This statement is correct as these organs are key producers of digestive enzymes essential for breaking down food components.
S. Mucous neck cells, chief cells, parietal cells are present in the stomach: This statement is correct as these are the types of cells found in the gastric glands of the stomach responsible for producing mucus, pepsinogen, and hydrochloric acid, respectively.
In summary, all the statements in answer choice D