Nokea
Which physiological changes occur as a result of hypoxemia in congestive heart failure (CHF)?
- A. Polycythemia and clubbing
- B. Anemia and barrel chest
- C. Increased white blood cells and low platelets
- D. Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and peripheral edema
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hypoxemia stimulates erythropoiesis, causing polycythemia, which along with chronic hypoxemia can lead to digital clubbing.
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What are THREE classes of medication used to treat giant coronary artery aneurysms in Kawasaki Disease?
- A. ACE inhibitor
- B. Beta blocker
- C. Statin
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: These medications are typically used in the management of giant coronary artery aneurysms to manage cardiovascular risks.
A 2-year-old child should be able to:
- A. Name three colours correctly
- B. Use plurals
- C. Build a tower of five blocks
- D. Kick a ball on request
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A 2-year-old can typically build a tower of five blocks. Naming colors and using plurals are more advanced skills, and kicking a ball is variable.
The following enzymes and inhibitors are matched correctly:
- A. Xanthine oxidase-allopurinol
- B. Enolase-fluoride
- C. Cholinesterase-physostigmine
- D. Ceruloplasmin-penicillamine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Xanthine oxidase-allopurinol: Allopurinol inhibits xanthine oxidase, which plays a role in purine metabolism, and is used to treat gout and prevent uric acid buildup.
Indications for surgical closure of a VSD include the following EXCEPT
- A. patients who cannot thrive
- B. patients whose symptoms cannot be controlled between 6 and 24 months
- C. patients with pulmonary vascular disease
- D. patients older than 2 years with a large VSD associated with a Qs ratio greater than 2:1
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Surgical closure is not routinely indicated for all VSDs, especially if asymptomatic.
A client with carcinoma of the lung is complaining of weakness and has a serum sodium level of 117 mEq/L. Which nursing problem should the nurse include in this client's plan of care?
- A. Altered urinary elimination
- B. Impaired gas exchange
- C. Fluid volume excess
- D. Decreased cardiac output
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hyponatremia (low sodium level) is often associated with fluid volume excess in clients with lung carcinoma.