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Which question should the nurse ask when assessing a 60-yr-old patient who has a history of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?
- A. “Have you noticed any unusual discharge from your penis?”
- B. “Has there been any change in your sex life in the past year?”
- C. “Has there been a decrease in the force of your urinary stream?”
- D. “Have you been experiencing any difficulty in achieving an erection?”
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct question to ask when assessing a 60-yr-old patient with a history of BPH is C: “Has there been a decrease in the force of your urinary stream?” This question is relevant as BPH commonly causes urinary symptoms like weak urinary stream. Asking about unusual discharge (A) is more relevant for assessing sexually transmitted infections. Inquiring about changes in sex life (B) and difficulty achieving an erection (D) are more related to erectile dysfunction, which may not be directly linked to BPH in this context.
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While giving a history, the patient reports having herpes genitalis. Based on this information, which finding does the nurse anticipate during the assessment?
- A. Small vesicles on the genitalia
- B. Single, firm, painless, open sore
- C. Pain when palpating the cervix
- D. Malodorous greenish-yellow vaginal discharge
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Small vesicles on the genitalia. Genital herpes typically presents with small vesicles on the genitalia. These vesicles are usually painful and may be accompanied by itching or burning sensations. The presence of vesicles is a hallmark sign of genital herpes.
Summary:
B: Single, firm, painless, open sore is more characteristic of syphilis, not genital herpes.
C: Pain when palpating the cervix is not a typical finding in genital herpes.
D: Malodorous greenish-yellow vaginal discharge is more indicative of a bacterial infection like trichomoniasis, not genital herpes.
Advanced breast cancer often metastasizes to the bone. If this occurs, a prudent nursing measure would be to
- A. encourage a diet high in calcium
- B. caution the patient against falling, reaching, twisting, or lifting heavy objects
- C. encourage the patient to abstain from sexual intercourse
- D. caution the patient about using any pain medication
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Preventing falls and injuries is crucial in patients with bone metastasis due to increased fracture risk.
Which of the following reasons should a nurse provide a client when asked about the purpose of a Papanicolaou test?
- A. It is used to detect early breast cancer.
- B. It is used to detect early cancer of the Cervix.
- C. It is used to detect the fertility status of the woman.
- D. It is used to detect early stages of an STD.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Pap test is specifically designed to detect early cervical cancer.
With respect to Sertoli cells which of the following statements is incorrect
- A. Nourish developing sperm
- B. receive stimulation by testosterone
- C. phagocytose defective sperm
- D. secrete the hormone inhibin which inhibits luteinizing hormone secretion
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because Sertoli cells do secrete inhibin, but it does not inhibit luteinizing hormone secretion. Inhibin actually inhibits follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion. Sertoli cells support spermatogenesis by nourishing developing sperm (A), they are stimulated by testosterone (B), and they also phagocytose defective sperm (C). Therefore, option D is incorrect as it misrepresents the role of inhibin in the endocrine regulation of the male reproductive system.
In order for male differentiation to occur during embryonic development, testosterone must be secreted from the testes. What stimulates the secretion of testosterone during embryonic development?
- A. Luteinizing hormone from the maternal pituitary gland
- B. Human chorionic gonadotropin
- C. Inhibin from the corpus luteum
- D. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone from the embryo’s hypothalamus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) stimulates the secretion of testosterone during embryonic development. hCG is produced by the developing embryo and acts on the Leydig cells in the testes to trigger the production of testosterone. This hormone plays a crucial role in male differentiation by promoting the development of male reproductive organs.
A: Luteinizing hormone (LH) from the maternal pituitary gland is not involved in the early stages of male differentiation in the embryo. LH is typically involved in the regulation of testosterone production postnatally.
C: Inhibin from the corpus luteum is not involved in the stimulation of testosterone secretion during embryonic development. Inhibin is mainly involved in the negative feedback regulation of FSH secretion.
D: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the embryo's hypothalamus is not responsible for directly stimulating testosterone secretion during embryonic development. GnRH regulates the secretion