Nokea
Which short-acting barbiturates are most commonly used for induction of general anesthesia (select all that apply)?
- A. Nitrous oxide
- B. Propofol (Diprivan)
- C. Isoflurane (Florane)
- D. Thiopental sodium (Pentothal), Sodium methohexital (Brevital)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Short-acting barbiturates like thiopental sodium and sodium methohexital are commonly used for anesthesia induction.
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When examining a patient who is paralyzed below the T4 level, the medical-surgical nurse expects to find
- A. flaccidity of the upper extremities.
- B. hyperreflexia and spasticity of the upper extremities.
- C. independent use of upper extremities and efficient cough.
- D. impaired diaphragmatic function requiring ventilator support.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Patients paralyzed below T4 typically retain independent use of upper extremities.
You are preparing to discharge a client whose calcium level was low but is now just slightly within the normal range (9-10.5 mg/dL). Which statement by the client indicates the need for additional teaching?
- A. “I will call my doctor if I experience muscle twitching or seizures.”
- B. “I will make sure to take my vitamin D with my calcium each day.”
- C. “I will take my calcium pill every morning before breakfast.”
- D. “I will avoid dairy products,broccoli and spinach when I eat.”
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Taking calcium supplements on an empty stomach can reduce their absorption. Calcium pills should be taken with food for optimal absorption. Options A, B, and D demonstrate good understanding of calcium management. Option A shows awareness of symptoms of hypocalcemia, B indicates proper supplementation, and D reflects knowledge of foods high in calcium that can interfere with supplement absorption.
To do an effective breast self-examination, when should the woman examine her breasts?
- A. During the fourth to the seventh menstrual cycle day
- B. Every other month
- C. While standing up
- D. 1 week before the menstrual cycle
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: During the fourth to the seventh menstrual cycle day. This is because breasts are least likely to be swollen or tender during this time, allowing for a more accurate examination. Choice B is incorrect as regular monthly examinations are recommended. Choice C can be done while standing up or lying down. Choice D is incorrect as breasts may be more tender and swollen closer to the menstrual cycle, making it harder to detect abnormalities.
What is the term that describes a type of therapy or medicine used in conjunction with conventional medicine?
- A. Integrative medicine
- B. Alternative therapy
- C. Allopathic medicine
- D. Complementary therapy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Complementary therapy works alongside conventional medicine to enhance overall care.
A 25-year-old client is admitted for a tonsillectomy and informs the nurse of having had episodes of muscle cramps, weakness, and an unexplained temperature elevation. Many years ago, the client's father died shortly after surgery subsequent to developing a high fever. The surgeon has ordered dantrolene sodium (Dantrium) prophylactically prior to the tonsillectomy to reduce the risk of:
- A. a postoperative infection.
- B. malignant hyperthermia.
- C. neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
- D. a postoperative fever.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Dantrolene sodium (Dantrium) is a peripheral skeletal muscle relaxant and would have no effect on a postoperative infection. Dantrolene sodium (Dantrium) is indicated prophylactically for clients with malignant hyperthermia or with a family history of the disorder. The mortality rate for malignant hyperthermia is high. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is an exercise-induced muscle pain and spasm and is not related to malignant hyperthermia. Dantrolene sodium (Dantrium) is a peripheral skeletal muscle relaxant and would have no effect on a postoperative fever.