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Which should the nurse consider when preparing a school-age child and the family for heart surgery?
- A. Unfamiliar equipment should not be shown.
- B. Let the child hear the sounds of an ECG monitor.
- C. Avoid mentioning postoperative discomfort and interventions.
- D. Explain that an endotracheal tube will not be needed if the surgery goes well.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When preparing a school-age child and the family for heart surgery, it is essential to provide honest and age-appropriate information to help the child feel more comfortable and reduce anxiety. Letting the child hear the sounds of an ECG monitor is beneficial as it allows them to become familiar with medical equipment and procedures, making them less intimidated by the unfamiliar sounds they may encounter during and after surgery. Familiarizing the child with the sounds can also help alleviate fears and promote understanding of what is happening during the procedure. It is important to maintain open communication, address concerns, and prepare the child and family for what to expect before, during, and after surgery.
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Samantha, age 5 years, tells the nurse that she "needs a Band-Aid" where she had an injection. Which is the best nursing action?
- A. Apply a Band-Aid.
- B. Ask her why she wants a Band-Aid.
- C. Explain why a Band-Aid is not needed.
- D. Show her that the bleeding has already stopped.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The best nursing action in this scenario is to explain why a Band-Aid is not needed. At 5 years old, Samantha is at an age where she can begin to understand explanations. By providing her with a simple and clear explanation, the nurse can help Samantha understand that a Band-Aid is not necessary in this situation. This also promotes education and helps Samantha learn about wound healing and appropriate care. It is important to involve the child in the decision-making process and provide education to foster their understanding of their own health.
You are meeting parents of a 1.5-year-old boy who has suboptimal growth. He has been delivered prematurely at the gestational age of 32 weeks. Examination reveals a healthy child with growth parameters below normal for age. You reassure the parents that their child will catch his normal growth with time. Of the following, the growth parameter that should be corrected at this age is
- A. weight
- B. height
- C. body mass index
- D. head circumference
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Premature infants often experience suboptimal weight gain initially due to their early birth. However, they tend to 'catch up' in weight over time as they mature, making weight the most relevant parameter to correct.
You are meeting with parents of a 10-year-old child who recently develops acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Which of the following is LEAST likely to increase the risk of CNS relapse in children with ALL?
- A. first traumatic lumbar puncture (LP)
- B. T-cell leukemia
- C. cranial nerve involvement at the time of diagnosis
- D. presence of lymphoblast in the CSF at any time during treatment
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A first traumatic lumbar puncture is less likely to increase the risk of CNS relapse compared to other factors like T-cell leukemia or cranial nerve involvement.
To reduce symptoms of early morning stiffness in a ptient who has rheumatoid arthritis, the nurse can encourage the patient to:
- A. take a hot tub bath or shower in the morning
- B. put joints through passive ROM before tryoing to move them actively
- C. sleep with a hot pad
- D. take two aspirins before arising, and wait 15 minutes before attempting locomotion
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Taking a hot tub bath or shower in the morning can help reduce symptoms of early morning stiffness in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. The warmth from the water helps relax muscles and joints, making it easier for the patient to move and start their day. Heat therapy is a common recommendation for managing joint stiffness in arthritis patients. This simple and effective method can improve flexibility and decrease pain associated with morning stiffness.
You are meeting with parents of a 10-year-old child who recently develops acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Which of the following is LEAST likely to increase the risk of CNS relapse in children with ALL?
- A. first traumatic lumbar puncture (LP)
- B. T-cell leukemia
- C. cranial nerve involvement at the time of diagnosis
- D. presence of lymphoblast in the CSF at any time during treatment
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A first traumatic lumbar puncture is less likely to increase the risk of CNS relapse compared to other factors like T-cell leukemia or cranial nerve involvement.