Nokea
Which specimen collection technique should the nurse use to correctly obtain the throat culture from the client?
- A. The nurse asks the client to expectorate sputum into a paper cup.
- B. The nurse wipes the inner mouth and tongue with gauze.
- C. The nurse swabs the throat with a sterile cotton applicator.
- D. The nurse collects saliva in a sterile culture cup.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A throat culture requires swabbing the pharynx with a sterile cotton applicator to collect a sample from the area most likely to harbor pathogens.
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A patient is admitted with pneumonia. Sputum cultures show that the patient is infected with a gram positive bacterium. The patient is allergic to Penicillin. Which medication would the patient most likely be prescribed?
- A. Macrolide
- B. Cephalosporins
- C. Pencillin G
- D. Tamiflu
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: For gram-positive bacterial pneumonia in a penicillin-allergic patient, macrolides like azithromycin are commonly prescribed due to their efficacy and safety. Cephalosporins may cross-react with penicillin allergies, Penicillin G is contraindicated, and Tamiflu is for viral infections.
The nurse is applying oxygen via nasal cannula to a client diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The client complains of extreme shortness of breath. At which rate should the nurse set the flowmeter?
- A. 2 LPM.
- B. 4 LPM.
- C. 6 LPM.
- D. 10 LPM.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: COPD clients require low-flow oxygen (2 LPM, A) to avoid CO2 retention. Higher rates (B, C, D) risk respiratory drive suppression.
The client is diagnosed with cancer of the larynx and is to have radiation therapy to the area. Which prophylactic procedure will the nurse prepare the client for?
- A. Removal of the client's teeth and fitting for dentures.
- B. Take antiemetic medications every four (4) hours.
- C. Wear sunscreen on the area at all times.
- D. Placement of a nasogastric feeding tube.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Dental extraction (A) prevents radiation-induced tooth decay. Antiemetics (B), sunscreen (C), and NG tubes (D) are not prophylactic for laryngeal radiation.
The nurse is taking the social history from a client diagnosed with small cell carcinoma of the lung. Which information is significant for this disease?
- A. The client worked with asbestos for a short time many years ago.
- B. The client has no family history for this type of lung cancer.
- C. The client has numerous tattoos covering both upper and lower arms.
- D. The client has smoked two (2) packs of cigarettes a day for 20 years.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Smoking (D) (40 pack-years) is the primary risk factor for small cell lung cancer. Asbestos (A) is a risk but less significant, family history (B) is irrelevant, and tattoos (C) are unrelated.
The client diagnosed with a pulmonary embolus is being discharged. Which intervention should the nurse discuss with the client?
- A. Increase fluid intake to two (2) to three (3) L/day.
- B. Eat a low-cholesterol, low-fat diet.
- C. Avoid being around large crowds.
- D. Receive pneumonia and flu vaccines.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Increased fluids (A) prevent dehydration, reducing clotting risk in PE. Low-fat diet (B), avoiding crowds (C), and vaccines (D) are less specific.