Nokea
Which stage of liver damage is irreversible?
- A. Cirrhosis
- B. Fibrosis
- C. Inflammation
- D. Steatosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cirrhosis scars for keeps fibrosis might bend, inflammation fades, steatosis lifts, but end-stage knots stay. Nurses mark this, a chronic liver lock.
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A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who recently underwent a mechanical valve replacement. Which of the following statements by the client indicates the clients correct understanding of the discharge teaching regarding warfarin anticoagulant therapy?
- A. I may need to modify my diet while on this medication
- B. I do not need to take my prescribed medication for the rest of my life
- C. Additional monitoring is not required while on the anticoagulant
- D. I can lead a normal life while on anticoagulants; no restrictions are required
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Mechanical valves demand warfarin forever diet tweaks, like steady vitamin K, keep INR stable, a sign the client gets it. Lifelong meds, monitoring, and restrictions (e.g., bleeding risk) are non-negotiable. Nurses cheer this dietary nod, ensuring warfarin's tightrope walk succeeds, a smart grasp in this valve swap life.
Which of the following factors has a major impact on the development of chronic illness?
- A. Poverty
- B. Social stability
- C. Urban dwelling
- D. High school diploma
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Poverty slams chronic illness cash shortages spike stress, skimp care, and fuel risks like poor diet, a root driver nurses see in diabetes or heart woes. Stability's a buffer, urban life's neutral, education helps but lacks poverty's punch. Socioeconomic holes breed disease, a chronic trap clinicians fight.
The genetic profile determines the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy in a population group. Question: Which population group has the LOWEST risk to develop endstage renal disease as a consequence of diabetes?
- A. Afro-Americans
- B. Iberians (Spanish origin)
- C. Caucasians
- D. Native Americans
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Caucasians dodge worst kidney doom Afro-Americans, Native Americans soar high, Iberians mid-tier. Genes and diabetes hit lighter here, a chronic renal risk low nurses screen this gradient.
A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with polycythemia vera. Which of the following should the nurse include in the client and family education?
- A. Resume normal activity
- B. Wear support hose while awake
- C. Decrease fluid intake to no more than 1 liter per day
- D. Diet high in vitamin K intake
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Polycythemia vera thickens blood, slowing venous return support hose boost circulation, cutting clot risk, a practical teaching point for clients and families. Normal activity's fine but misses prevention. Less fluid thickens blood further, dangerous here; high vitamin K aids clotting, counterproductive. Nurses push hose use, easing symptoms like swelling, a key strategy in managing this hyperviscous state.
To which extent is gangrene caused by macrovascular disease more common in patients with diabetes than in patients without diabetes?
- A. 2x more common
- B. 10x more common
- C. 20x more common
- D. 100x more common
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Diabetes amps gangrene 10x via vessel rot, not mild or wild jumps. Nurses dread this, a chronic limb thief.