Nokea
Which statement about essential nutrients should the nurse include?
- A. Fat-containing foods can help to decrease triglyceride levels.
- B. Animal sources of protein contain 20 essential amino acids.
- C. Carbohydrates are the primary source of fuel for muscles and the brain.
- D. High-fiber foods are a good source of energy.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because carbohydrates are indeed the primary source of fuel for muscles and the brain. Choice A is incorrect because while certain fats are essential, they do not help decrease triglyceride levels. Choice B is incorrect because animal sources of protein do not contain all 20 essential amino acids. Choice D is incorrect because although high-fiber foods are important for digestion and overall health, they are not a direct source of energy.
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A nurse is caring for a client with a thiamine deficiency. Which assessment findings will the nurse expect?
- A. Tachycardia, muscle weakness, and lack of coordination
- B. Swollen lips, cracks in the corners of the mouth, and glossitis
- C. Neuropsychiatric symptoms of delusions and hallucinations
- D. Scaly rash on arms, dementia, and diarrhea
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Thiamine deficiency, also known as Vitamin B1 deficiency, can present with various symptoms. Tachycardia, muscle weakness, and lack of coordination are classic signs of thiamine deficiency due to its role in energy metabolism. Swollen lips, cracks in the corners of the mouth, and glossitis are more indicative of a deficiency in riboflavin (Vitamin B2). Neuropsychiatric symptoms of delusions and hallucinations are characteristic of niacin (Vitamin B3) deficiency. A scaly rash on the arms, dementia, and diarrhea are not typically associated with thiamine deficiency. Therefore, the correct assessment findings for a client with thiamine deficiency are tachycardia, muscle weakness, and lack of coordination.
The client is discussing sources of carbohydrates with a nurse recently diagnosed with diabetes. Which food(s) identified by the client indicate understanding? (SATA)
- A. Starch
- B. Fiber
- C. Sugar
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because starch, fiber, and sugar are all sources of carbohydrates. Starchy foods like bread, rice, and potatoes contain starch; fruits, vegetables, and whole grains provide fiber; and sugars are found in sweet foods like fruits, honey, and desserts. Fatty acids and amino acids are not sources of carbohydrates, so choices A, B, and C are correct while choices A and B are incorrect.
Why is there an ethical dilemma?
- A. Because the law does not clearly state what is right from what is wrong
- B. Because morality is subjective and it differs from each individual
- C. Because the patient's right coincide with the nurse's responsibility
- D. Because the nurse lacks ethical knowledge to determine what action is correct and what action is unethical
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because an ethical dilemma arises when the patient's rights conflict with the nurse's responsibilities, requiring a careful balance to ensure ethical care delivery. Choices A and B are incorrect because ethical dilemmas are not solely about legal or subjective moral issues. Choice D is incorrect as nurses are generally equipped with ethical knowledge through education and training, and ethical dilemmas are more about conflicting values and responsibilities rather than a lack of knowledge.
In kidney disease, which mineral should a patient limit intake of?
- A. Calcium
- B. Magnesium
- C. Phosphorus
- D. Potassium
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In kidney disease, patients are advised to limit the intake of phosphorus. High levels of phosphorus can be problematic as the kidneys may not be able to effectively filter it out, leading to bone health issues. Calcium (Choice A) is important for bone health, but its restriction is not typically necessary in kidney disease. Magnesium (Choice B) and potassium (Choice D) restrictions may be required in certain cases of kidney disease, but phosphorus is the mineral most commonly limited due to its impact on bone health.
Which is the best description of a full-liquid diet?
- A. Most suitable for individuals with an ileostomy
- B. Suitable for individuals with lactose intolerance
- C. Contains low saturated fat and high fiber
- D. Provides adequate nutrients and is easily digested
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because a full-liquid diet is designed to provide adequate nutrients while being easily digested. Choices A and B are incorrect because a full-liquid diet is not specifically tailored for individuals with an ileostomy or lactose intolerance. Choice C is also incorrect as it describes characteristics that are not defining features of a full-liquid diet.