Nokea
Which statement about the Nurse-Family Partnership is true?
- A. It is an international program to reduce the risk of teratogens.
- B. One of its goals is to promote competent early caregiving.
- C. It is a series of childbirth classes offered at many U.S. hospitals.
- D. It provides family planning and genetic counseling to couples.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The statement that is true about the Nurse-Family Partnership is that one of its goals is to promote competent early caregiving. The program provides support and guidance to first-time mothers to help them develop their caregiving skills and promote healthy child development. Choice A is incorrect because the program focuses on promoting healthy child development and supporting mothers, not specifically reducing the risk of teratogens. Choice C is incorrect because the Nurse-Family Partnership is not a series of childbirth classes but a program that involves home visits and support. Choice D is incorrect because the program's main focus is on supporting mothers in caregiving and child development, not primarily on family planning and genetic counseling.
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Newborn infants who are brain damaged or who have experienced birth trauma often __________.
- A. display disturbed REM-NREM sleep cycles
- B. cry less than those with no brain functioning problems
- C. spend about 20 percent of their total sleep time in REM sleep
- D. have very low or inaudible cries
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Newborn infants who are brain damaged or who have experienced birth trauma often display disturbed REM-NREM sleep cycles. This disruption in the sleep cycle can be a sign of neurological issues and can impact the newborn's overall health and development. Choice B is incorrect because infants with brain damage or birth trauma may actually cry more due to their discomfort or neurological issues. Choice C is incorrect because spending about 20 percent of total sleep time in REM sleep is not necessarily specific to brain-damaged or birth-traumatized infants. Choice D is incorrect because having very low or inaudible cries is not a common characteristic associated with brain damage or birth trauma in infants.
What are the most obvious organized patterns of behavior in a newborn baby?
- A. Reflexes
- B. States of arousal
- C. Shrill cries
- D. Sleep patterns
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Reflexes. Reflexes are automatic, involuntary responses to specific stimuli and are the most obvious organized patterns of behavior in a newborn baby. Examples of newborn reflexes include sucking, rooting, grasping, and the Moro reflex. These reflexes are crucial for the newborn's survival and overall development. Choice B, states of arousal, refers to different levels of consciousness and responsiveness, not organized behavior patterns. Choice C, shrill cries, is a form of communication and not an organized behavior pattern. Choice D, sleep patterns, while important for newborns, are not the most obvious organized behavior patterns.
Prenatally malnourished babies frequently __________.
- A. reject breast milk
- B. have enlarged hearts
- C. catch respiratory illnesses
- D. have a higher-than-average birth weight
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Prenatally malnourished babies frequently catch respiratory illnesses. Malnourished babies have weakened immune systems, making them more susceptible to illnesses such as respiratory infections. This is a common consequence that is observed in babies who did not receive adequate nutrition during the prenatal period. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. While malnourished babies may have feeding challenges, rejecting breast milk is not a common consequence. Enlarged hearts are not typically associated with prenatal malnutrition, and having a higher-than-average birth weight is unlikely in malnourished babies.
What is the longest stage of labor?
- A. Delivery of the baby
- B. Delivery of the placenta
- C. Dilation and effacement of the cervix
- D. Release of epinephrine and cortisol
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Dilation and effacement of the cervix. This stage can last for hours, especially for first-time mothers, as the cervix needs to dilate and efface to allow for the baby's passage through the birth canal. Once the cervix is fully dilated and effaced, the woman can begin pushing during the second stage of labor to deliver the baby. The delivery of the baby itself is usually a shorter process compared to the time taken for the cervix to dilate and efface. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they represent other stages within the labor process that come after the dilation and effacement of the cervix.
The outermost level of Bronfenbrenner's model is the __________.
- A. microsystem
- B. macrosystem
- C. exosystem
- D. mesosystem
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The outermost level of Bronfenbrenner's model is the macrosystem. This level refers to the broader cultural context that shapes the values, laws, customs, and resources of a particular society. It includes factors such as ideology, political systems, societal norms, and cultural influences that impact development at all other levels within the model.
Choice A, microsystem, refers to the immediate environment or setting in which an individual lives and interacts. Choice C, exosystem, involves settings that individuals do not directly experience but still influence them. Choice D, mesosystem, refers to the connections between various aspects of an individual's microsystem.