Nokea
Which statement accurately describes a drug agonist?
- A. A drug that reacts with specific receptor sites on a cell and prevents the reaction of another chemical with a different receptor site on that cell
- B. A drug that interferes with the enzyme systems that act as catalysts for different chemical reactions
- C. A drug that interacts directly with receptor sites to cause the same activity that a natural chemical would cause at that site
- D. A drug that reacts with receptor sites to block normal stimulation, producing no effect
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Agonists are drugs that produce effects similar to those produced by naturally occurring neurotransmitters, hormones, or other substances found in the body. Noncompetitive antagonists are drugs that react with certain receptor sites, preventing the reaction of another chemical with a different receptor site. Drug-enzyme interactions interfere with the enzyme systems that stimulate various chemical reactions.
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A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who has a new prescription for Clozapine. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. You should have a high-carbohydrate snack between meals and at bedtime.
- B. You are likely to develop hand tremors if you take this medication for a long period of time.
- C. You may experience temporary to the first record of the first dose.
- D. You should have your white blood cell count monitored every week.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Clozapine requires weekly WBC monitoring due to risk of agranulocytosis.
Thyroxin is contributed in all listed processes except one:
- A. Increase tissue demand of oxygen consumption
- B. Activating protein, carbohydrates and fats metabolism
- C. Increase the main metabolism
- D. Decrease the main metabolism
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Thyroxine (T4) increases metabolism, not decreases it, by enhancing oxygen use and nutrient breakdown.
Suzanne is started on paroxetine (Paxil), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), for depression. Education regarding her antidepressant includes:
- A. SSRIs may take 2 to 6 weeks before she will have maximum drug effects.
- B. Red-green color blindness may occur and should be reported.
- C. If she experiences dry mouth or heart rates greater than 80, she should stop taking the drug immediately.
- D. She should eat lots of food high in fiber to prevent constipation.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: SSRIs require 2-6 weeks for full effect, a key patient education point.
Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT):
- A. Is widely distributed in the body only when the gum products are used
- B. Does not cross the placenta and so is safe for pregnant women
- C. Delays healing of esophagitis and peptic ulcers
- D. Has no drug interactions when a transdermal patch is used
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: NRT delays GI ulcer healing due to nicotine's effects on acid secretion.
Characteristics of vitamin D and its metabolites include which of the following?
- A. Act to decrease serum levels of calcium
- B. Activation of vitamin D receptors in the major cells of
- C. Calcitriol is the major derivative responsible for increasing intestinal absorption of phosphate
- D. Metabolites of vitamin D increase renal excretion of calcium
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Calcitriol increases intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphate.