Nokea
The nurse administers amoxicillin 500 mg. The half-life of this drug is approximately 1 hour. At what point would the drug level in the body be 62.5 mg if the drug was not administered again?
- A. 1 hours after the original dose
- B. 2 hours after the original dose
- C. 3 hours after the original dose
- D. 4 hours after the original dose
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The half-life of a drug is the time it takes for the amount of drug in the body to decrease to one-half of the peak level it previously achieved. At a dose of 500 mg the drug level would be 250 mg in 1 hour, 125 mg in 2 hours, 62.5 mg in 3 hours, and 31.25 mg in 4 hours so the correct answer is 3 hours.
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The volume of distribution (Vd) for a drug that is completely retained in the vascular compartment would be?
- A. High
- B. Low
- C. Unchanged
- D. Cannot be determined
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A drug confined to the vascular compartment (e.g., plasma) has a low Vd, close to plasma volume (about 0.06 L/kg), indicating limited distribution.
The nurse is caring for a patient scheduled for surgery this morning who is not to be given anything orally. The nurse reviews the medication administration record and finds the patient has an important medication due but it is supposed to be given orally. What is the nurse's best action?
- A. Give the medication with a small sip of water.
- B. Give the medication via a different route.
- C. Hold the medication and put a note on the front of the chart for the surgeon.
- D. Call the ordering health care provider and clarify administration
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: NPO status requires physician clarification to ensure safety and appropriateness of administration.
Idiosyncrasy is:
- A. A genetically determined abnormal reaction to drugs
- B. A characteristic toxic effect at therapeutic doses
- C. An altered physiological state produced by repeated drug use
- D. An immunologically mediated reaction
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Idiosyncrasy is a genetically determined unusual response to a drug, e.g., G6PD deficiency with primaquine.
The nurse is preparing a medication that is new to the market and cannot be found in the nurses drug guide. Where can the nurse get the most reliable information about this medication?
- A. Package insert
- B. Another nurse
- C. Drug manufacturer
- D. Physician
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The most reliable information about the drug can be found on the package insert supplied by the manufacturer because it was prepared according to strict Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations. Asking another nurse or the physician is not reliable and cannot be verified as accurate. It would not be realistic to call the drug manufacturer for information.
Characteristics of vitamin D and its metabolites include which of the following?
- A. Act to decrease serum levels of calcium
- B. Activation of vitamin D receptors in the major cells of
- C. Calcitriol is the major derivative responsible for increasing intestinal absorption of phosphate
- D. Metabolites of vitamin D increase renal excretion of calcium
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Calcitriol increases intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphate.