Nokea
Which statement best describes drug efficacy/toxicity in pediatric clients?
- A. Drug requirements for infants have been extensively studied.
- B. Drug dosage is altered by age and weight in children.
- C. Children always need smaller doses of medication than adults.
- D. Infants and children are always at greater risk for drug toxicity with any medication.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pediatric dosing adjusts for age and weight to ensure efficacy and minimize toxicity, reflecting developmental differences.
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Renal damage is a potential adverse effect of aminoglycosides. In what part of the kidney are aminoglycosides retained which causes this effect?
- A. Distal tubule
- B. Proximal tubule
- C. Loop of Henle
- D. Glomerulus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Aminoglycosides are nephrotoxic and accumulate in the proximal tubule, leading to cellular damage and potential renal impairment.
Ginseng, which is taken to assist with memory, may potentiate:
- A. Aricept
- B. Insulin
- C. Digoxin
- D. Propranolol
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ginseng can increase digoxin levels, potentially leading to toxicity.
Patients with rheumatoid arthritis who are on chronic low-dose prednisone will need co-treatment with which medications to prevent further adverse effects?
- A. A bisphosphonate
- B. Calcium supplementation
- C. Vitamin D
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: All mitigate prednisone's bone loss: bisphosphonates , calcium , and vitamin D .
The patient asks the nurse, Is it safe to take over-the-counter (OTC) medications with prescription medications? What is the nurses best response?(Select one that does not apply.)
- A. OTC medications can interact with prescription medications.
- B. It is important to tell your doctor all medications you take, including OTC.
- C. OTC medications could mask or hide signs and symptoms of a disease.
- D. You should avoid taking any OTC medication when taking prescription drugs.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: OTC medications can interact with prescription medications or other OTC so it is always important to consult your pharmacist and provider for advice. To provide the most accurate instruction, the health care provider must know all medications taken including dietary supplements, OTC, and prescription. OTC medications could mask or hide symptoms of a disease so it is always important to consult a physician if symptoms persist. OTC medications are not prohibited when taking prescription drugs as long as no drug interaction occurs.
The hypoglycemic mechanism of action of pioglitazone and rosiglitazon is:
- A. They are peroxisome proliferator activating receptor gamma (PPAR-Y) ligands and enhance absorption of glucose and fatty acid
- B. Enhance closure of ATP sensitive K+ channels and entrance of calcium in intracellular efflux via Ca2+ channels
- C. Decrease gluconeogenesis in the liver
- D. Increase tyrosine kinase activity
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pioglitazone and rosiglitazone activate PPAR-gamma, improving insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake in tissues.