Nokea
Which statement indicates the patient is experiencing anger as the psychologic response to his acute MI?
- A. Yes, I'm having a little chest pain. It's no big deal.
- B. I don't think I can take care of myself at home yet.
- C. What's going to happen if I have another heart attack?
- D. I hope my wife is happy now after harping at me about my eating habits all these years.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Blaming others reflects anger.
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Which type of lung cancer begins in the cells lining the bronchi and bronchioles?
- A. Adenocarcinoma
- B. Small cell lung cancer
- C. Squamous cell carcinoma
- D. Mesothelioma
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Adenocarcinoma. This type of lung cancer begins in the cells lining the bronchi and bronchioles. Adenocarcinoma is the most common type of lung cancer and often affects non-smokers. It is characterized by the growth of glandular cells in the lining of the lungs.
B: Small cell lung cancer typically originates in the bronchi, but it is characterized by small, round cells and tends to grow and spread quickly.
C: Squamous cell carcinoma starts in the squamous cells lining the airways and is associated with a history of smoking.
D: Mesothelioma is a cancer of the mesothelial cells that line the lungs, not specifically the bronchi or bronchioles. It is commonly linked to asbestos exposure.
What test uses sound waves to create pictures of the heart, allowing doctors to see how well the heart is functioning?
- A. Echocardiogram
- B. MRI
- C. CT scan
- D. X-ray
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Echocardiogram. An echocardiogram uses sound waves to create images of the heart, providing information on its structure and function. It helps doctors assess the heart's pumping ability, valve function, and overall health. MRI (B) uses magnets and radio waves to create detailed images but does not rely on sound waves. CT scan (C) uses X-rays to produce images and is not specific to the heart. X-ray (D) provides a basic image of the heart but lacks the detail and functionality assessment of an echocardiogram.
Which of the following heart chambers has the highest pressure in order to pump oxygenated blood to the tissues?
- A. Right atrium
- B. Right ventricle
- C. Left ventricle
- D. Left atrium
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The left ventricle generates the highest pressure to pump oxygenated blood through the systemic circulation.
How might the blood pressure be affected in a client whose body mass index (BMI) is 31 (obese)?
- A. increased
- B. decreased
- C. no change
- D. a change either way
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Obesity is strongly associated with increased blood pressure due to factors like insulin resistance and increased vascular resistance.
What structures hold up the AV valves and are anchored to the ventricular wall by the papillary muscles?
- A. Chordae tendineae
- B. Papillary muscles
- C. Semilunar valves
- D. Aortic valve
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Chordae tendineae. These fibrous cords hold up the AV valves (mitral and tricuspid valves) and are anchored to the ventricular wall by the papillary muscles. The papillary muscles contract to prevent the AV valves from prolapsing into the atria during ventricular contraction. Choice B (Papillary muscles) is incorrect as they assist in the function but are not the structures that hold up the AV valves. Choices C (Semilunar valves) and D (Aortic valve) are incorrect as they are not directly involved in supporting the AV valves or anchored by the papillary muscles.