Nokea
Which statement is not correct about metformin:
- A. Is for internal use only
- B. Reduce weight, apetite
- C. More frequently causes nausea and vomiting comparing with other hypoglicemic drugs
- D. Use for diabetes mellitus type I
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Metformin is not typically used for type 1 diabetes, which requires insulin, as it acts on insulin sensitivity and hepatic glucose production.
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Discharge planning for patients leaving the hospital should include instructions on the use of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. Which comment by the patient would demonstrate a good understanding of OTC drugs?
- A. OTC drugs are safe and do not cause adverse effects if taken properly.
- B. OTC drugs have been around for years and have not been tested by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
- C. OTC drugs are different from any drugs available by prescription and cost less.
- D. OTC drugs could cause serious harm if not taken according to directions.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: It is important to follow package directions because OTCs are medications that can cause serious harm if not taken properly. OTCs are drugs that have been determined to be safe when taken as directed; however, all drugs can produce adverse effects even when taken properly. They may have originally been prescription drugs that were tested by the FDA or they may have been grandfathered in when the FDA laws changed. OTC education should always be included as a part of the hospital discharge instructions.
Which of the following is natural mineralcorticoid:
- A. Methylprednisolone
- B. Betamethasone
- C. Triamcinolone
- D. Aldosterone
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Aldosterone is the natural mineralocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex.
A characteristic that distinguishes true receptors from other drug binding sites present in blood and other biological tissues is the characteristic of:
- A. binding affinity
- B. reversible binding
- C. signal transduction
- D. stereoselective interaction
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Reversible binding is a key feature of true receptors, distinguishing them from non-specific binding sites like plasma proteins.
Which of the following is the indication for glucocorticoid prescribing?
- A. Cataract
- B. Prevention of respiratory distress
- C. Hypofunction of thyroid gland
- D. Hypocalcemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Glucocorticoids are used to prevent respiratory distress, particularly in preterm infants, by promoting lung maturation.
Reduce the likelihood of therapeutic failure with tamoxifen treatment
- A. Not provided in document
- B. Not provided in document
- C. Not provided in document
- D. Not provided in document
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: This question lacks options, but the answer key (ANS: 2) suggests the second choice. Strategies to reduce therapeutic failure include avoiding CYP2D6 inhibitors to ensure proper metabolism of tamoxifen to its active form.