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Which statement regarding informed consent is correct? Informed consent:
- A. is mandated by federal but not state law.
- B. must reveal expected benefits.
- C. requires concealing any known risks.
- D. allows the RN to communicate information needed so that informed consent can be provided.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because informed consent requires the registered nurse (RN) to communicate all necessary information to the patient so they can make an informed decision. This includes explaining the procedure, potential risks, benefits, alternatives, and any other pertinent information. The RN plays a crucial role in ensuring that the patient understands the information provided before giving consent. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because informed consent is not solely mandated by federal law, must disclose risks as well as benefits, and should not involve concealing any known risks.
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A novice nurse is unsure how to correctly administer an injection using the Z-track method. What is the best approach for learning this procedure?
- A. Read the procedure manual and follow the steps exactly.
- B. Make an appointment at the skills laboratory of the former nursing school to practice.
- C. Ask to observe the skill as it is being performed; then perform it under direct supervision.
- D. Try to remember how the task was previously performed during a simulation.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Ask to observe the skill as it is being performed; then perform it under direct supervision. This approach allows the novice nurse to learn through observation and hands-on practice under direct supervision, ensuring proper technique and safety. By observing the skill first, the nurse can understand the correct steps and potential challenges. Performing the skill under supervision provides real-time feedback and guidance. This method promotes active learning and confidence-building.
Rationale for incorrect choices:
A: Reading the procedure manual is helpful but may not provide the necessary hands-on experience and immediate feedback required for skill acquisition.
B: Practicing in a skills laboratory can be beneficial, but it may not offer the opportunity for direct supervision and feedback from experienced professionals.
D: Trying to remember from a previous simulation may not be reliable and lacks the real-time guidance and correction needed for skill mastery.
The nurse prepares to apply sterile gloves needed for a procedure. After introducing self and verifying patient information, the nurse performs hand hygiene. The nurse should open the outer package and then perform steps in which order. Put a comma and space between each answer choice (e.g., a, b, c, d).
- A. Open inner package, taking care not to touch inner surface.
- B. Put the glove on the nondominant hand using the sterile gloved hand.
- C. Put glove on dominant hand by grasping folded cuff edge, touching only inside of cuff.
- D. Adjust each glove carefully by sliding finders under the cuff.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct order is to first open the outer package to access the inner package containing the gloves. This ensures that the gloves remain sterile until they are needed. Opening the inner package first would expose the gloves to potential contamination. Putting on the gloves should be done after opening the inner package, starting with the nondominant hand to prevent contamination. Adjusting the gloves carefully should be the final step after both gloves are on to ensure a proper fit. Therefore, choice A is correct as it establishes the correct sequence for maintaining sterility throughout the process.
A nurse would like to advocate for increased protective services and reporting mechanisms for elder abuse and attends the "meet the candidate" session at the town hall meeting. This is an important time for the nurse to:
- A. educate the public about the nurse's political platform.
- B. be spontaneous and not deliver a rehearsed speech.
- C. address the person as "candidate" rather than using a first name that implies a working relationship.
- D. learn what the key issues are in the candidate's platform.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the nurse's goal is to advocate for increased protective services for elder abuse. By learning about the key issues in the candidate's platform, the nurse can identify if the candidate supports policies related to elder abuse. This information will help the nurse assess the candidate's alignment with their advocacy goals and determine if the candidate is a suitable ally in advancing elder abuse prevention measures.
A, B, and C are incorrect because:
A: Educating the public about the nurse's political platform is not the primary purpose of attending the session.
B: Being spontaneous may lead to an ineffective communication strategy without proper preparation.
C: Addressing the candidate by their first name or title is a matter of personal preference and does not directly impact the nurse's advocacy efforts.
An RN delegates to an experienced LPN/LVN the task of administering oral medications to a group of patients. The LPN/LVN accepts the assignment, and the RN knows that the LPN/LVN has had the training and has acquired the skills needed to complete the task. The RN then observes the LPN/LVN recording a patient's medication administration just before entering the patient's room. The priority intervention by the RN is to:
- A. check the patient's drug packages to ensure that the correct drugs were given.
- B. stop the LPN/LVN immediately and discuss the possible consequences of his actions in a nonjudgmental manner.
- C. contact the nurse manager and ask that the LPN/LVN's license be suspended.
- D. call the pharmacy and ask for replacement medications for the patients.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: stop the LPN/LVN immediately and discuss the possible consequences of his actions in a nonjudgmental manner. This is the priority intervention because it addresses the immediate issue of potentially incorrect documentation and allows for clarity and understanding between the RN and LPN/LVN. It promotes open communication and a chance to correct any errors that may have occurred.
Choice A is incorrect because checking the drug packages after the fact does not address the issue of potentially incorrect documentation and missed medications.
Choice C is incorrect as it is an extreme response that does not promote a collaborative and educational approach to resolving the situation.
Choice D is incorrect as calling the pharmacy for replacement medications is not necessary at this stage and does not address the immediate concern of potentially incorrect documentation.
When assessing an ethical issue, the nurse must first:
- A. ask, "What is the issue?"
- B. identify all possible alternatives.
- C. select the best option from a list of alternatives.
- D. justify the choice of action or inaction.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because before addressing any ethical issue, it is vital to first identify and define the issue clearly. This helps in understanding the context and scope of the problem. Without knowing the specific ethical issue at hand, it is impossible to proceed with identifying alternatives, selecting the best option, or justifying the choice of action. Therefore, asking "What is the issue?" is the initial step in the ethical decision-making process.
Summary:
- Option B is incorrect because identifying alternatives comes after defining the issue.
- Option C is incorrect as selecting the best option should be based on a clear understanding of the issue.
- Option D is incorrect as justifying actions or inactions should come after determining the ethical problem.