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Which strategy is most important for a nurse to include when planning care for a patient who has neutropenia?
- A. Restricting all visitors.
- B. Placing the patient in a private room.
- C. Advising the patient to use only an electric shaver.
- D. Wearing a gown and gloves when in direct contact with the patient.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Placing the patient in a private room is crucial for a neutropenic patient to minimize exposure to pathogens, reducing infection risk due to their compromised immune system.
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Which explanation will the nurse give a patient with non-Hodgkin lymphoma about the purpose of a planned lumbar puncture?
- A. To rule out any bone marrow involvement.
- B. To determine the level of cell differentiation.
- C. To establish which lymph cell type is involved.
- D. To find any central nervous system involvement.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A lumbar puncture in non-Hodgkin lymphoma is used to detect central nervous system involvement by examining cerebrospinal fluid for lymphoma cells.
Which information would the nurse include when discussing pain due to chronic stable angina with the patient?
- A. Occurs with both activity and rest.
- B. Generally lasts 10-15 minutes or more.
- C. Does not subside when the precipitating factor is resolved.
- D. Occurs intermittently over a period of time in a similar pattern.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Chronic stable angina follows a predictable pattern, occurring intermittently with exertion and subsiding with rest, not typically at rest.
The nurse provides education to a patient with thrombocytopenia about precautions to be taken at home. The nurse identifies that further teaching is needed when the patient performs which action?
- A. Drinks 14 glasses of water daily.
- B. Shaves once a day using an electric razor.
- C. Uses an alcohol-based mouthwash twice a day.
- D. Brushes teeth with a soft-bristle toothbrush twice a day.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Using alcohol-based mouthwash can irritate oral mucosa and cause bleeding in thrombocytopenia, indicating a need for further teaching.
Which phrase describes the function of a buffer?
- A. To excrete weak acids.
- B. To secrete hydrogen ions.
- C. To convert strong acids to weak acids.
- D. To convert ammonia to ammonium ions.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Buffers convert strong acids to weak acids by neutralizing them, helping maintain stable pH in bodily fluids.
A patient reports episodic chest pain lasting a few minutes that is provoked by exertion and relieved within 10 minutes upon resting. Which cause of the patient's symptoms would the nurse suspect?
- A. Spasm of a major coronary artery.
- B. Exposure of the thrombogenic surface to plaque.
- C. Myocardial ischemia due to coronary artery disease.
- D. Myocardial ischemia secondary to microvascular disease.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Myocardial ischemia due to coronary artery disease causes chest pain provoked by exertion and relieved by rest, characteristic of stable angina.