Nokea
Which structure of the nervous system carries action potential in the direction of a synapse?
- A. cell body
- B. axon
- C. neuron
- D. myelin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: axon. The axon is a long, slender projection of a neuron that conducts electrical impulses away from the neuron's cell body towards other neurons or target cells, such as muscles or glands, including towards a synapse. The cell body contains the nucleus and other organelles but does not carry action potentials. While a neuron is the overall structural and functional unit of the nervous system, the axon is specifically responsible for transmitting action potentials.
You may also like to solve these questions
To where are all the nutrients that enter the hepatic portal vein routed for decontamination?
- A. Kidney
- B. Pancreas
- C. Spleen
- D. Liver
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: When nutrients are absorbed from the digestive tract, they enter the hepatic portal vein and are transported directly to the liver. The liver acts as a filter, processing and detoxifying these nutrients before they are further distributed to the rest of the body. Therefore, the correct answer is the liver, which plays a crucial role in detoxifying substances that enter the body through the digestive system.
What are chemical messengers that control growth, differentiation, and the metabolism of specific target cells called?
- A. Hormones
- B. Neurons
- C. Glands
- D. Second messengers
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hormones are signaling molecules produced by glands that travel through the bloodstream to target cells, exerting control over processes like growth, differentiation, and metabolism. Neurons are nerve cells responsible for transmitting electrical impulses. Glands are structures that secrete substances like hormones. Second messengers are molecules involved in intracellular signal transduction pathways, amplifying and transmitting signals from the cell membrane to the nucleus.
What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
- A. To digest food
- B. To control body movement
- C. To transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
- D. To circulate blood
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The primary function of the respiratory system is to transport oxygen from the air into the body and remove carbon dioxide from the body. Oxygen is necessary for cells to produce energy through a process called cellular respiration, and carbon dioxide is a waste product that needs to be eliminated. Therefore, the correct answer is C, 'To transport oxygen and carbon dioxide.' Digesting food (choice A) is the primary function of the digestive system, controlling body movement (choice B) is the role of the muscular system, and circulating blood (choice D) is the function of the circulatory system.
What is the cause of the burning sensation associated with anaerobic respiration?
- A. Carbon dioxide
- B. Lactic acid
- C. Oxygen
- D. Glucose
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The burning sensation associated with anaerobic respiration is caused by the buildup of lactic acid in muscles. When oxygen supply to tissues is insufficient, the body produces lactic acid. During intense exercise when the oxygen demand exceeds supply, lactic acid accumulates, leading to the burning sensation. Therefore, lactic acid is responsible for the burning sensation experienced in anaerobic respiration.
Which organelle contributes to phagocytosis in white blood cells?
- A. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
- B. Lysosomes
- C. Vacuole
- D. Golgi apparatus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lysosomes are the organelles responsible for phagocytosis in white blood cells. During phagocytosis, white blood cells engulf and digest pathogens or debris. Lysosomes contain enzymes that aid in breaking down the engulfed material, playing a crucial role in the process. On the other hand, the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), Vacuole, and Golgi apparatus have different functions within the cell and are not directly involved in phagocytosis.