Nokea
Which surgical procedure involves opening or replacing a narrowed or blocked heart valve?
- A. Valve replacement
- B. Angioplasty
- C. Stent placement
- D. Coronary bypass surgery
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Valve replacement. This surgical procedure involves opening or replacing a narrowed or blocked heart valve. During valve replacement, a damaged valve is removed and replaced with a new one to restore normal blood flow. Angioplasty (B) involves opening blocked arteries, stent placement (C) involves inserting a mesh tube to keep arteries open, and coronary bypass surgery (D) involves rerouting blood flow around blocked coronary arteries. These procedures are not specifically related to treating narrowed or blocked heart valves, making them incorrect choices for this question.
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Which factor is most closely associated with successful smoking cessation?
- A. Enrollment in a short-term support group.
- B. Lack of reliance on nicotine gum as a secondary intervention.
- C. Preparation of a plan to deal with potential relapses.
- D. Reliance on a single intervention.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Having a plan to address potential relapses is crucial for long-term success in smoking cessation.
A client on a beta blocker has a heart rate of 52 bpm. What is the nurse's priority action?
- A. Hold the beta blocker and notify the healthcare provider.
- B. Administer the beta blocker as ordered.
- C. Increase the dose of the beta blocker.
- D. Continue to monitor the client and reassess in 30 minutes.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hold the beta blocker and notify the healthcare provider. With a heart rate of 52 bpm, the client may be experiencing bradycardia, a potential side effect of beta blockers. Holding the medication and informing the healthcare provider is crucial to prevent further complications. Administering the beta blocker (B) can exacerbate bradycardia. Increasing the dose (C) can further decrease the heart rate. Continuing to monitor (D) without intervention can lead to worsening of the bradycardia.
A client is undergoing a minimally invasive valve approach for surgery by the heart surgeon. What is the main advantage of this type of approach?
- A. Increased surgical trauma
- B. Decreased blood loss
- C. Slower mobility
- D. Less anxiety
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Minimally invasive techniques reduce blood loss, enhance recovery, and minimize complications.
State the Indications and Modes of Mechanical Ventilation.
- A. Respiratory failure
- B. ARDS
- C. Both A and B
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Mechanical ventilation is used for respiratory failure and acute conditions like ARDS.
A client on an ACE inhibitor reports a persistent cough. What is the nurse's best response?
- A. Reassure the client that the cough is a common side effect and is usually not serious.
- B. Instruct the client to report the cough to the healthcare provider as it may require discontinuation of the medication.
- C. Advise the client to use a humidifier at night to relieve the cough.
- D. Suggest the client take an over-the-counter cough suppressant.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because a persistent cough could indicate a serious side effect of ACE inhibitors, such as angioedema or bronchospasm. Instructing the client to report the cough to the healthcare provider is crucial to evaluate the need to discontinue the medication.
Choice A is incorrect as it downplays the potential seriousness of the cough. Choice C is incorrect because a humidifier may not address the underlying cause of the cough. Choice D is incorrect because using a cough suppressant without proper evaluation can mask symptoms of a serious side effect.