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Which therapeutic intervention would the nurse include in a care plan for a client with Alzheimer's disease?
- A. Avoid exercise because of the risk of falls.
- B. Frequently orient to time, place, and person
- C. Place client in group therapy with about 10
- D. Provide a stimulating environment.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Exercise benefits Alzheimer’s clients, reducing fall risk with supervision. Frequent orientation maintains cognition and security. Large groups overwhelm due to cognitive limits. Over-stimulation causes confusion; moderate stimulation is better.
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A nurse is reviewing the plan of care for a client who has depression. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?
- A. Reinforce how to use assertive communication techniques.
- B. Schedule the client's daily self-care activities.
- C. Discourage the client from expressing anger.
- D. Set short-term and long-term goals for the client.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Assertiveness is secondary to overall planning. Scheduling self-care helps but isn’t comprehensive. Suppressing anger hinders emotional health. Goal setting provides direction and motivation, key to depression management.
For several days, an elderly client becomes confused and agitated after supper. This is an example of which of the following?
- A. Sundown syndrome
- B. Dementia
- C. Age-associated memory impairment
- D. Delirium
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sundown syndrome is increased confusion and agitation in the evening, matching the pattern. Dementia is broader and not time-specific. Age-associated memory impairment is mild and doesn’t include agitation. Delirium is acute and not tied to a daily cycle.
Which of the following mental health disorders commonly occurs in older adults?
- A. Personality disorder
- B. Depression
- C. Somatoform disorder
- D. Schizophrenia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Personality disorders are lifelong, not age-specific. Depression is prevalent in older adults due to health and social changes. Somatoform disorders aren’t age-specific. Schizophrenia onset is earlier, not typical in later life.
A nurse is contributing to the plan of care for a client who has dementia. Which of the following actions should the nurse include in the plan of care?
- A. Use an overhead loudspeaker to announce events.
- B. Post a written schedule of daily activities.
- C. Allow the client to choose free-time activities
- D. Provide a consistent daily routine.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Using an overhead loudspeaker can be disorienting or frightening for clients with dementia due to their sensitivity to loud noises and potential for confusion. A written schedule may not be helpful if the client has difficulty reading or understanding due to cognitive decline, which is common in dementia. While allowing choices is generally good, it can be overwhelming for someone with dementia depending on their cognitive ability, potentially leading to frustration or anxiety. A consistent daily routine helps provide structure and predictability, which can reduce confusion and anxiety in clients with dementia by creating a stable environment they can rely on.
A client with Alzheimer's disease has lost all sense of time and place and has developed visual agnosia. The client is in which of the following stages of Alzheimer's disease?
- A. Intermediate stage
- B. Severe stage
- C. End stage
- D. Early stage
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The intermediate stage might involve moderate memory loss and some disorientation, but not typically severe symptoms like complete loss of time and place or visual agnosia. In the severe stage, clients exhibit major confusion, losing all sense of time and place, and may develop visual agnosia (inability to recognize objects), aligning with the client’s condition. The end stage involves near-total dependence and loss of physical abilities, often beyond the cognitive symptoms described. Early-stage symptoms are mild, like forgetfulness, and don’t include such advanced disorientation.