Nokea
Which type of bacteria is responsible for causing tuberculosis?
- A. Streptococcus pyogenes
- B. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- C. Escherichia coli
- D. Bacillus anthracis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the bacteria responsible for causing tuberculosis. This bacterium has unique cell wall components that make it resistant to the body's immune defenses, allowing it to survive and multiply within the host. Streptococcus pyogenes (Choice A), Escherichia coli (Choice C), and Bacillus anthracis (Choice D) are not associated with tuberculosis. Streptococcus pyogenes is known for causing strep throat and skin infections, Escherichia coli is commonly involved in gastrointestinal infections, and Bacillus anthracis causes anthrax.
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Cultural characteristics of bacteria are:
- A. The capability of different bacterial species to be isolated in a pure culture
- B. The capability of bacteria to metabolize organic substrates to acids and urea
- C. Bacterial growth in liquid and solid agars
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because cultural characteristics of bacteria refer to their growth patterns on different culture media, including liquid and solid agars. Bacteria exhibit unique growth patterns that can be observed and studied on these media. Choice A is incorrect as it refers to isolation techniques, not cultural characteristics. Choice B is incorrect as it describes metabolic activities, not cultural characteristics. Choice D is incorrect as it dismisses the essential aspect of bacterial growth on culture media.
A group of Ukrainian tourists returning from Samarqand was bringing with them gerbils. During examination in customs office ulcers were detected on the skin of the animals. What protozoa is the most likely to cause the disease in the animals, if mosquitoes are the carriers?
- A. Leishmania tropica major
- B. Balantidium coli
- C. P. falciparum
- D. T. cruzi
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale:
1. The presence of ulcers in animals suggests a parasitic infection.
2. Mosquitoes as carriers indicate a protozoan transmitted through insect bites.
3. Among the choices, Plasmodium falciparum causes malaria transmitted by mosquitoes.
4. Leishmania tropica major causes cutaneous leishmaniasis, not ulcers.
5. Balantidium coli causes intestinal infections, not skin ulcers.
6. Trypanosoma cruzi causes Chagas disease, not skin ulcers.
Which of the following bacteria is associated with causing bacterial meningitis?
- A. Neisseria meningitidis
- B. Haemophilus influenzae
- C. Streptococcus pneumoniae
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: All of the above. Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae are all bacteria associated with causing bacterial meningitis. Neisseria meningitidis commonly causes meningococcal meningitis, Haemophilus influenzae can cause H. influenzae type b meningitis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae is a common cause of pneumococcal meningitis. Therefore, all three bacteria are known to be causative agents of bacterial meningitis. The other choices are incorrect as they do not encompass all the bacteria associated with causing bacterial meningitis.
The dynamic balance of the species in the normal microflora is known as
- A. dysbiosis
- B. eukaryota
- C. dispersion
- D. eubiosis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: eubiosis. Eubiosis refers to a state of balance and harmony among the species in the normal microflora. This term signifies a healthy and stable microbial community. Dysbiosis (A) is the opposite, indicating an imbalance or disruption in the microflora. Eukaryota (B) refers to organisms with cells containing a nucleus, not specifically related to the balance of microflora. Dispersion (C) refers to the spreading or distribution of microorganisms, not specifically related to their balance. In summary, eubiosis best describes the dynamic balance of species in the normal microflora, making it the correct choice.
Which of the following bacteria is responsible for causing the disease known as leprosy?
- A. Mycobacterium leprae
- B. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
- C. Escherichia coli
- D. Staphylococcus aureus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Mycobacterium leprae is the correct answer because it is the bacterium responsible for causing leprosy.
2. Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes gonorrhea, not leprosy.
3. Escherichia coli is associated with gastrointestinal infections, not leprosy.
4. Staphylococcus aureus causes various skin infections, but not leprosy.
In summary, Mycobacterium leprae is the correct choice because it is the specific bacterium known to cause leprosy, while the other options are associated with different diseases.