Nokea
Which type of cholesterol is considered the healthiest?
- A. LDL
- B. HDL
- C. VLDL
- D. VHDL
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is considered the healthiest type of cholesterol because it helps remove LDL cholesterol from the arteries, reducing the risk of heart disease. HDL acts as a scavenger, picking up excess cholesterol in the blood and transporting it back to the liver for removal from the body. This is why HDL is often referred to as 'good' cholesterol, emphasizing its protective role in cardiovascular health.
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What is being described when you are informed by the orthopedic surgeon that you have broken the middle region of the humerus?
- A. Epiphysis
- B. Articular cartilage
- C. Perichondrium
- D. Diaphysis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: When the orthopedic surgeon informs you of a break in the middle region of the humerus, they are referring to the shaft or long portion of the bone, which is known as the diaphysis. The epiphysis is the end part of a long bone, while articular cartilage covers the ends of bones in joints. Perichondrium is a layer of connective tissue surrounding cartilage.
Which of the following epithelial types is correctly matched with its major function?
- A. Simple squamous epithelium — secretion or absorption
- B. Stratified squamous epithelium — changes shape when stretched
- C. Stratified squamous epithelium — diffusion
- D. Simple columnar epithelium — secretion or absorption
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Simple columnar epithelium is matched correctly with its major function of secretion or absorption. Simple squamous epithelium is best suited for diffusion due to its thin structure, while stratified squamous epithelium is mainly for protection against mechanical stress and pathogens. Stratified squamous epithelium does not function primarily in diffusion. Therefore, understanding the structure and function relationship of different epithelial types is crucial for correctly identifying their major functions.
A tissue examined under the microscope exhibits the following characteristics: cells found on the internal surface of the stomach, no extracellular matrix, cells are tall and thin, and no blood vessels are present in the tissue. What type of tissue is this?
- A. Epithelial
- B. Connective
- C. Muscle
- D. Cartilage
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Epithelial. Epithelial tissue is characterized by tightly packed cells that line the surfaces and cavities of organs. The description provided matches the characteristics of epithelial tissue, such as being found on internal surfaces like the stomach lining, having tall and thin cells, lacking an extracellular matrix, and not containing blood vessels. Connective tissue, muscle tissue, and cartilage do not match the described characteristics.
Which of the following hormones decreases the concentration of blood glucose?
- A. insulin
- B. glucagon
- C. growth hormone
- D. glucocorticoids
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Insulin is the hormone responsible for decreasing the concentration of blood glucose levels by promoting the uptake and storage of glucose in cells. When blood glucose levels rise, insulin is released to help cells absorb excess glucose, thereby lowering its concentration in the bloodstream. Glucagon, growth hormone, and glucocorticoids, in contrast, all play roles in increasing blood glucose levels through different mechanisms.
A professional boxer gets punched in the nose resulting in a deviated septum. Which bone is most likely to be involved?
- A. Sella turcica.
- B. Vomer
- C. Calcaneous.
- D. Malleus.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: