Nokea
Which type of fat can cause heart disease if consumed in high quantities?
- A. carbohydrates
- B. saturated
- C. calories
- D. unsaturated
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Saturated fats, when consumed excessively, can increase cholesterol levels, leading to heart disease.
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In case of atrophic gastritis, deficiency in vitamin B12 result from damage of:
- A. Chief cells
- B. Enterocytes
- C. Parietal cells
- D. Stem cells
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Parietal cells secrete intrinsic factor, necessary for vitamin B12 absorption; their damage in atrophic gastritis leads to B12 deficiency.
(Auerbach's) plexus found in:
- A. Muscularis externa
- B. Submucosa
- C. Mucosa
- D. Serosa
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Auerbach's plexus is located between the circular and longitudinal layers of the muscularis externa, controlling gut motility.
What additional role does the pancreas play?
- A. Regulates blood sugar
- B. Produces bile
- C. Stores vitamins
- D. Secretes mucus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The pancreas has an endocrine role, releasing insulin and glucagon to regulate blood sugar.
The cells of the proximal convoluted tubule are specialised to absorb compounds back into the circulatory system. In what way?
- A. They have foot processes which wrap around the blood vessels
- B. They have pores to allow compounds through
- C. They have microvilli to increase surface area
- D. They have cilia to help the filtrate move through the tube
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Microvilli increase the surface area for reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule.
Which vitamin is produced by intestinal bacteria?
- A. B12
- B. A
- C. C
- D. D
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Intestinal bacteria synthesize vitamin B12, which is absorbed in the ileum with intrinsic factor. Vitamins A, C, and D are not produced by gut bacteria.