Chapter 15 The Gastrointestinal System Review Questions

Chapter 15 The Gastrointestinal System Review Questions Related

Review Chapter 15 The Gastrointestinal System Review Questions related questions and content

While a female client is being prepared for discharge, the nasogastric (NG) feeding tube becomes clogged. To remedy this problem and teach the client's family how to deal with it at home, what should the nurse do?

  • A. Irrigate the tube with warm water.
  • B. Advance the tube into the intestine.
  • C. Apply intermittent suction to the tube.
  • D. Withdraw the obstruction with a 30-ml syringe.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Irrigate the tube with warm water. This is the correct action because irrigating the NG tube with warm water can help dislodge the clog and clear the obstruction. Here is a step-by-step rationale:
1. Gather necessary supplies: warm water, syringe, and towel.
2. Disconnect the tube from the feeding pump.
3. Draw up warm water into the syringe.
4. Gently insert the syringe into the tube and slowly push the warm water to flush out the clog.
5. Repeat the process as needed until the tube is clear.

Other choices are incorrect:
B: Advancing the tube into the intestine can be dangerous and should not be done without proper medical supervision.
C: Applying intermittent suction may not effectively clear the clog and could potentially worsen the situation.
D: Using a 30-ml syringe to withdraw the obstruction may not be as effective as irrigating with warm water.

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Which of the following is not a function of the adult liver?

  • A. glycogen storage
  • B. detoxification
  • C. synthesis of clotting proteins
  • D. erythropoiesis
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: erythropoiesis. The liver does not have a primary role in the production of red blood cells (erythropoiesis), which is mainly carried out by the bone marrow.
A: The liver stores glycogen for energy regulation.
B: Detoxification is a crucial function of the liver, breaking down harmful substances.
C: The liver synthesizes clotting proteins like fibrinogen.
In summary, while the liver is vital for glycogen storage, detoxification, and clotting protein synthesis, it does not play a significant role in erythropoiesis.

A nurse is planning care for a client who is postoperative and at risk for paralytic ileus. Which of the following interventions should the nurse plan to take to promote peristalsis?

  • A. Increase ambulation.
  • B. Decrease fluid intake.
  • C. Increase protein intake.
  • D. Offer the client the bedpan every 2 hr.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Increase ambulation. Ambulation helps stimulate peristalsis by promoting movement in the gastrointestinal tract. This movement aids in preventing or alleviating paralytic ileus, a common postoperative complication. Increasing ambulation helps to increase muscle tone and activity in the intestines, promoting bowel motility.

Summary of other choices:
B: Decrease fluid intake - This is incorrect because adequate hydration is essential for promoting peristalsis and preventing constipation.
C: Increase protein intake - Protein intake is important for wound healing and overall nutrition but does not directly impact peristalsis.
D: Offer the client the bedpan every 2 hr - While providing opportunities for toileting is important, it does not directly promote peristalsis like ambulation does.

Functions in the liver include production of:

  • A. Digestive enzymes
  • B. Secondary bile acids
  • C. Stercobilinogen
  • D. CCK
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Digestive enzymes. The liver produces bile, which contains bile salts that help digest fats in the small intestine. Additionally, the liver produces various digestive enzymes like lipase, amylase, and proteases. These enzymes aid in breaking down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats during the digestion process. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because secondary bile acids are produced in the intestine, stercobilinogen is a product of bilirubin breakdown in the intestine, and CCK (cholecystokinin) is a hormone produced by the small intestine to stimulate the release of bile and pancreatic enzymes but not directly produced by the liver.

Infants' gastric juice contains

  • A. nuclease, pepsinogen, lipase
  • B. maltase, pepsinogen, rennin
  • C. amylase, rennin, pepsinogen
  • D. pepsinogen, lipase, rennin
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because infants' gastric juice contains nuclease, pepsinogen, and lipase. Nuclease helps in breaking down nucleic acids, pepsinogen is the precursor of pepsin which digests proteins, and lipase digests fats. This combination of enzymes is essential for the digestion of various macromolecules in infants.

Choice B is incorrect because maltase is an enzyme that breaks down maltose (a sugar), which is not typically found in gastric juice. Rennin is an enzyme that helps in digesting milk protein, which is more common in the stomach of newborn mammals, but not in human infants.

Choice C is incorrect because amylase is an enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates and is usually found in saliva, not gastric juice. Rennin and pepsinogen are not typically present in infants' gastric juice.

Choice D is incorrect because while pepsinogen and rennin are enzymes found in gastric juice, lip

Which esophageal disorder is described as a precancerous lesion associated with GERD?

  • A. Achalasia
  • B. Barrett's esophagus
  • C. Esophageal strictures
  • D. Esophageal diverticula
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Barrett's esophagus is the correct answer because it is a precancerous condition resulting from long-term GERD. The constant exposure to stomach acid causes changes in the esophageal lining, increasing the risk of esophageal cancer.
Achalasia (A) is a motility disorder characterized by difficulty swallowing due to impaired esophageal muscle movement. Esophageal strictures (C) are narrowing of the esophagus, commonly caused by chronic inflammation or scarring, but not directly associated with GERD. Esophageal diverticula (D) are outpouchings in the esophageal wall, not specifically linked to GERD or cancer risk.

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