Nokea
While caring for an HIV-positive patient who is hospitalized with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia,you note that all of these drug therapies are scheduled for 10:00 AM. Which nursing action is most essential to accomplish at the scheduled time?
- A. Administer the protease inhibitor indinavir (Crixivan) 800 mg PO.
- B. Infuse pentamidine (Pentam-300) 300 mg IV over 60 minutes.
- C. Have the patient “swish and swallow” nystatin (Mycostatin) 5 mL.
- D. Apply acyclovir (Zovirax) cream to oral herpes simplex lesions.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pentamidine is a critical medication for treating Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and must be administered on time to ensure therapeutic levels. The other medications while important can be administered slightly later if necessary without significantly impacting the patient’s condition.
You may also like to solve these questions
What is the medical term for a blood clot that forms within a blood vessel?
- A. Thrombosis
- B. Embolus
- C. Hemorrhage
- D. Hemostasis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Thrombosis. Thrombosis refers to the formation of a blood clot within a blood vessel. The process involves the coagulation of blood components to form a clot. This can lead to blockages in blood vessels, potentially causing serious health issues like stroke or heart attack.
Choice B: Embolus refers to a blood clot that has traveled from its original site and lodged in a different blood vessel. Choice C: Hemorrhage is the medical term for bleeding. Choice D: Hemostasis refers to the body's process of stopping bleeding, not the formation of a blood clot.
Sacl restriction endonuclease reactions produce fragments with
- A. blunt end
- B. None of the options are correct
- C. 5' cohesive ends
- D. 3' cohesive ends
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 5' cohesive ends. Sacl restriction endonuclease cuts DNA at specific recognition sites, leaving single-stranded overhangs called cohesive ends. In this case, Sacl creates 5' overhangs, resulting in fragments with 5' cohesive ends. Blunt ends (option A) have no overhangs, making them incorrect. Options B and D are incorrect as they do not align with the specific characteristic of Sacl restriction endonuclease's cleavage pattern.
Match the following terms (1-6) with their respective meanings (A-F).
- A. 1A-2B-3E-4F-5C-6D
- B. 1D-2C-3A-4B-5E-6F
- C. 1D-2C-3B-4E-5A-6F
- D. 1C-2A-3B-4E-5F-6D
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct match for the terms is:
1 - D
2 - C
3 - B
4 - E
5 - A
6 - F
Rationale:
1. Term 1 corresponds to definition D, as per choice C.
2. Term 2 matches with definition C, as per choice C.
3. Term 3 aligns with definition B, as per choice C.
4. Term 4 correlates with definition E, as per choice C.
5. Term 5 matches with definition A, as per choice C.
6. Term 6 corresponds to definition F, as per choice C.
Summary:
- Choice A has incorrect matches for terms 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6.
- Choice B has incorrect matches for terms 1, 2, 3, and 4.
- Choice D has incorrect matches for terms 1, 2, 4, and 6.
Therefore, the correct answer
Which type of cell produces antibodies?
- A. Helper T cells
- B. Plasma cells
- C. Cytotoxic T cells
- D. Regulatory T cells
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Plasma cells. Plasma cells are a type of white blood cell that produces antibodies in response to antigens. They are essential in the immune response to help fight off infections and other diseases. Helper T cells (A) assist other immune cells but do not directly produce antibodies. Cytotoxic T cells (C) are responsible for killing infected cells, not producing antibodies. Regulatory T cells (D) help regulate the immune response but do not produce antibodies. In summary, only plasma cells are specifically designed to produce antibodies in the immune system.
Why do opportunistic diseases develop in an individual with AIDS?
- A. They are side effects of drug treatment of AIDS.
- B. They are sexually transmitted to individuals during exposure to HIV.
- C. They are characteristic in individuals with stimulated B and T lymphocytes.
- D. These infections or tumors occur in a person with an incompetent immune system.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Opportunistic diseases arise because the immune system is severely compromised in individuals with AIDS, making them susceptible to infections and cancers they would otherwise resist.