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While studying vocabulary, a student notices that the words circumference, circumnavigate, and circumstance all begin with the prefix 'circum'. The student uses her knowledge of affixes to infer that all of these words share what related meaning?
- A. Around, surrounding
- B. Travel, transport
- C. Size, measurement
- D. Area, location
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Around, surrounding.' The prefix 'circum-' commonly means 'around' or 'surrounding,' as observed in words like circumference (the distance around a circle), circumnavigate (to sail or travel around something), and circumstance (a condition surrounding or related to an event). Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the shared meaning among these words is related to being around or surrounding, not travel, transport, size, measurement, area, or location.
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Which word choices will correctly complete the sentence? Increasing the price of bus fares has had a greater effect on ridership than expected.
- A. affect; then
- B. affect; than
- C. effect; then
- D. effect; than
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'effect; than.' In this sentence, 'effect' is the appropriate word to use as it signifies the result of increasing bus fares on ridership. Additionally, 'than' is the correct word for making a comparison. Choice A and B are incorrect as 'affect' is a verb, while 'effect' is the noun needed in this sentence. Choice C is incorrect as 'then' is used to indicate time or sequence, which is not suitable in this context.
Which of the following sentences demonstrates the correct use of an apostrophe?
- A. Lyle works for the courthouse, and among his responsibilities is getting the jurors meal's.
- B. Lyle works for the courthouse, and among his responsibilities is getting the juror's meals.
- C. Lyle works for the courthouse, and among his responsibilities is getting the jurors' meals.
- D. Lyle works for the courthouse, and among his responsibilities is getting the jurors meals'.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The apostrophe is correctly placed in this sentence to show possession by multiple jurors.
Which transitional word would be the best option to represent the logical link between these two sentences? I often have heard arguments claiming that complete freedom of speech could lead to dangerous situations. Without complete freedom of speech, can it truly be said that we live in a free society?
- A. However
- B. Therefore
- C. So
- D. Supposedly
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is 'However.' In this context, the transitional word 'However' is used to introduce a contrast between the two sentences. The first sentence presents an argument about the potential dangers of complete freedom of speech, while the second questions the notion of living in a free society without such freedom. 'However' establishes a logical link by indicating a shift or contradiction in ideas. Choice B, 'Therefore,' would imply a cause-and-effect relationship, which is not supported by the content of the sentences. Choice C, 'So,' would indicate a conclusion or result, which does not fit the context. Choice D, 'Supposedly,' is not a suitable transitional word in this context as it does not connect the contrasting ideas presented in the sentences.
Fred Hampton desired to see lasting social change for African American people through nonviolent means and community recognition. Which of the following is the best way to start this sentence?
- A. NO CHANGE
- B. Unfortunately,
- C. Finally,
- D. As a result,
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: 'As a result' correctly introduces the cause-and-effect relationship in the sentence. In this context, 'As a result' signifies that Fred Hampton's desire for lasting social change through nonviolent means and community recognition led to a specific outcome or consequence. The other choices, 'Unfortunately,' 'Finally,' and 'NO CHANGE,' do not fit the context as they do not convey the cause-and-effect relationship intended in the sentence.
Which of the following statements would require a citation?
- A. The rate of increase in gasoline prices is unprecedented.
- B. I saw on the news that gas prices are increasing.
- C. Economic Times reported that gas prices are up 11% from last month.
- D. My friend and I were shocked by how much gas cost when we filled up yesterday.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because when referencing a specific report, publication, or statistic like 'gas prices are up 11% from last month,' a citation is necessary to provide credibility and allow readers to verify the information. Choice A is a general statement about gasoline prices and does not require a citation as it is commonly known information. Choice B is a personal observation and not a direct reference to a specific source that would require a citation. Choice D is an anecdotal experience and does not present verifiable data that necessitates a citation.