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Who were the first public health nurses who provided care for the sick and the poor?
- A. The Presbyterian Church
- B. Salerno
- C. Jewish scholars
- D. Convent deaconesses
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Convent deaconesses. They were the first public health nurses providing care for the sick and poor in the early centuries. They were trained and devoted to serving the community, establishing the foundation for modern public health nursing. The other choices, A: The Presbyterian Church, B: Salerno, and C: Jewish scholars, are incorrect as they do not align with the historical context of the first public health nurses.
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How do accrediting agencies such as the Joint Commission ensure quality care?
- A. Imposing maximum staffing levels
- B. Stipulating nurse-patient ratios
- C. Confirming delivery of satisfactory care
- D. Requiring a specific staff mix
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Accrediting agencies like the Joint Commission ensure quality care by confirming the delivery of satisfactory care. This involves evaluating healthcare facilities based on established standards and guidelines to ensure they meet quality benchmarks. Imposing maximum staffing levels (A) and stipulating nurse-patient ratios (B) are important factors but not directly controlled by accrediting agencies. Requiring a specific staff mix (D) may influence care quality, but it is not the primary focus of accrediting agencies. Therefore, choice C is correct as it directly aligns with the main function of accrediting agencies.
The patient tells the nurse that his insurance company requires him to pick a primary provider and asks what that means. The nurse explains that a primary provider means choosing what?
- A. A doctor
- B. A staff nurse
- C. One insurance provider
- D. A hospital
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A primary provider is typically a doctor, nurse practitioner, or physician's assistant who is responsible for overseeing and coordinating the patient's comprehensive healthcare needs. This healthcare professional serves as the main point of contact for the patient, managing preventive care, treatments, referrals to specialists, and overall health management. Choice B, a staff nurse, is incorrect as a primary provider is usually a more advanced healthcare professional managing comprehensive care. Choice C, one insurance provider, is incorrect as a primary provider refers to a healthcare professional, not an insurance company. Choice D, a hospital, is incorrect as the primary provider is an individual healthcare professional responsible for coordinating the patient's care, not a healthcare facility.
Who is credited with creating a written record of health care practices and dispelling the mythical aspect of health care?
- A. Hammurabi
- B. Florence Nightingale
- C. Hippocrates
- D. Apollo
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hippocrates. Hippocrates is credited with creating a written record of health care practices and is known as the "Father of Medicine." He emphasized observational and logical approaches to medicine, moving away from superstition and myth. Hammurabi is known for his code of laws, not health care practices. Florence Nightingale is known for her contributions to nursing. Apollo is a Greek god associated with healing, but he is not a historical figure credited with creating a written record of health care practices.
A group of local volunteers has completed an emergency response course and is able to assist with the triage of injured citizens. They also participate in local health fairs to teach residents how to react during tornadoes. The responders are members of what organization?
- A. Metropolitan Medical Response System (MMRS)
- B. Medical Reserve Corps (MRC)
- C. National Disaster Medical System (NDMS)
- D. Commissioned Corps Readiness Force (CCRF)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Medical Reserve Corps (MRC). The MRC is a community-based organization that consists of local volunteers trained to assist during emergencies. In this scenario, the volunteers completed an emergency response course and are involved in community education, which aligns with the mission of the MRC. The MRC focuses on public health preparedness, response, and recovery efforts at the local level.
Incorrect choices:
A: Metropolitan Medical Response System (MMRS) - MMRS focuses on enhancing local response capabilities to mass casualty incidents involving hazardous materials. The scenario does not mention hazardous materials or mass casualty incidents.
C: National Disaster Medical System (NDMS) - NDMS is a federally coordinated system that provides medical care during disasters. The scenario describes local volunteer responders, not a federal system.
D: Commissioned Corps Readiness Force (CCRF) - CCRF is a unit within the U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps focused on readiness for public health emergencies. The
Which action directly resulted from the contribution made by Linda Richards?
- A. Using an antiseptic before administering an injection
- B. Exploring the psychosocial needs of the patient
- C. Documenting patient care in the medical record
- D. Listening to a patient describe his or her symptoms
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because Linda Richards was the first professionally trained nurse in the United States and she established the practice of documenting patient care in medical records. This action is directly linked to her contribution as it improved the organization and continuity of patient care. Exploring psychosocial needs (B) and listening to patient symptoms (D) are important nursing practices, but they were not specifically attributed to Linda Richards. Using antiseptic before injections (A) is important for infection control, but it was not directly related to Linda Richards' contribution.