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Who were the first public health nurses who provided care for the sick and the poor?
- A. The Presbyterian Church
- B. Salerno
- C. Jewish scholars
- D. Convent deaconesses
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Convent deaconesses. They were the first public health nurses providing care for the sick and poor in the early centuries. They were trained and devoted to serving the community, establishing the foundation for modern public health nursing. The other choices, A: The Presbyterian Church, B: Salerno, and C: Jewish scholars, are incorrect as they do not align with the historical context of the first public health nurses.
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A group of local volunteers has completed an emergency response course and is able to assist with the triage of injured citizens. They also participate in local health fairs to teach residents how to react during tornadoes. The responders are members of what organization?
- A. Metropolitan Medical Response System (MMRS)
- B. Medical Reserve Corps (MRC)
- C. National Disaster Medical System (NDMS)
- D. Commissioned Corps Readiness Force (CCRF)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Medical Reserve Corps (MRC). The MRC is a community-based organization that consists of local volunteers trained to assist during emergencies. In this scenario, the volunteers completed an emergency response course and are involved in community education, which aligns with the mission of the MRC. The MRC focuses on public health preparedness, response, and recovery efforts at the local level.
Incorrect choices:
A: Metropolitan Medical Response System (MMRS) - MMRS focuses on enhancing local response capabilities to mass casualty incidents involving hazardous materials. The scenario does not mention hazardous materials or mass casualty incidents.
C: National Disaster Medical System (NDMS) - NDMS is a federally coordinated system that provides medical care during disasters. The scenario describes local volunteer responders, not a federal system.
D: Commissioned Corps Readiness Force (CCRF) - CCRF is a unit within the U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps focused on readiness for public health emergencies. The
A healthcare professional is reviewing a client's clinical pathway upon discharge following hip arthroplasty. Which of the following information can assist in evaluating the cost-effectiveness of the care?
- A. the age of the client
- B. the availability of community support groups
- C. the length of the client's stay
- D. the type of insurance the client carries
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: the length of the client's stay. Evaluating the cost-effectiveness of care involves considering the resources utilized, and the length of stay directly impacts costs. A shorter stay typically means lower costs without compromising quality. Age (A) does not directly impact cost-effectiveness. Community support groups (B) may contribute to the client's overall well-being but do not directly relate to cost-effectiveness. The type of insurance (D) may affect reimbursement but does not provide direct information on cost-effectiveness. Therefore, the length of the client's stay is the most relevant factor to assess cost-effectiveness.
While supervising the care of several clients, which action requires intervention by the charge nurse?
- A. A nurse photocopies a client's diagnostic test results.
- B. An assistive personnel documents the client's vital signs on the client's paper-based graphic record.
- C. The unit secretary faxes a client's laboratory results to the provider.
- D. An RN stays with a client to discuss her understanding of her vital signs that were requested.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because photocopying a client's diagnostic test results without proper authorization violates the client's privacy and confidentiality. It is a breach of HIPAA regulations.
- Choice B is correct as assistive personnel can document vital signs on the client's record under supervision.
- Choice C is acceptable as long as the unit secretary is authorized to fax the client's results.
- Choice D is appropriate as it involves educating the client about her vital signs, promoting client understanding and autonomy.
Which action demonstrates a coparticipative manner in the nursing model of care?
- A. Working with the patient and family to achieve the best outcome.
- B. Encouraging the shy student to participate in class discussions, demonstrating transpersonal caring.
- C. Finding a way for a patient to see a dog, understanding the patient's needs.
- D. Accepting individuals for who they are, maintaining a nonjudgmental attitude.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because it involves collaboration and shared decision-making between the nurse, patient, and family to achieve the best outcome. This aligns with the coparticipative approach in nursing care, where all parties work together towards a common goal. Choice B focuses on individual encouragement, not coparticipation. Choice C highlights empathy but lacks the collaboration aspect. Choice D emphasizes acceptance but doesn't explicitly involve active participation and collaboration as in choice A. Thus, choice A best exemplifies coparticipative nursing care.
How can the nurse best advocate for a patient who will be discharged from acute care to home?
- A. Arranging for Meals on Wheels to provide in-home meals
- B. Administering pain medication prior to discharge
- C. Teaching the patient how to take medications at home
- D. Taking the patient by wheelchair to the car
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Arranging for in-home support services like Meals on Wheels is crucial for ensuring the patient receives proper nutrition and support after discharge. This goes beyond simply administering medications or providing transportation. By arranging for in-home meals, the nurse addresses the patient's nutritional needs, promotes their overall well-being, and supports their ongoing care requirements. Administering pain medication or teaching medication management, while important, do not directly address the patient's need for nutritional support. Taking the patient by wheelchair to the car is focused on physical transportation and does not encompass the holistic care approach needed for a successful transition to home care.