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You accidentally touch Claudia's eyelid during eye drop instillation causing her to blink. What should have you done to prevent this from occurring?
- A. Touch the inner side of the medicine cap
- B. Tilt back Claudia's head slightly
- C. Hold the dropper close to the eye but do not allow the medication to fall into the cornea
- D. Have Claudia look up and focus on something
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tilt back Claudia's head slightly would have been the correct action to prevent her from blinking during eye drop instillation. By tilting her head back, you create a more stable position for instilling the eye drops, reducing the likelihood of accidental contact with her eyelid. Additionally, tilting the head back slightly helps in making it easier for the drops to enter the eye and stay within the conjunctival sac, improving the efficacy of the medication.
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During theh history taking, which of the following is the MOST common symptom of Scabies that the family would report to Nurse Emma?
- A. Rashes
- B. Scaling
- C. Swelling
- D. Itchiness
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The most common symptom of scabies that the family would report to Nurse Emma is itchiness. Scabies is a contagious skin condition caused by the Sarcoptes scabiei mite, which burrows into the skin and lays eggs, leading to intense itching, especially at night. The itching is a result of the body's allergic reaction to the mites and their waste products. While rashes, scaling, and swelling can also occur with scabies, the hallmark and most bothersome symptom experienced by individuals with scabies is the intense itchiness, making it the most common symptom reported by affected individuals or their families during the history-taking process.
A patient presents with fever, chills, headache, and myalgia after returning from a trip to sub-Saharan Africa. Laboratory tests reveal intraerythrocytic ring forms and trophozoites on blood smear examination. Which of the following is the most likely causative agent?
- A. Plasmodium falciparum
- B. Trypanosoma cruzi
- C. Borrelia burgdorferi
- D. Leishmania donovani
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The clinical presentation of fever, chills, headache, and myalgia after a trip to sub-Saharan Africa is highly indicative of malaria. Specifically, the presence of intraerythrocytic ring forms and trophozoites on blood smear examination points towards Plasmodium falciparum as the most likely causative agent. Plasmodium falciparum is the most deadly of the Plasmodium species that cause malaria and is responsible for the majority of severe malaria cases worldwide. It is transmitted through the bite of infected Anopheles mosquitoes. Treatment for Plasmodium falciparum infection usually involves antimalarial medications such as artemisinin-based combination therapies.
The nurse prepares a care plan for the patient. Based on Ramona Mercer's becoming a mother (BAM) theory, which of the following statements fosters the process of becoming a mother?
- A. The woman becomes comfortable with her identity as a married individual.
- B. It encompasses the dynamic transformation and evolution of a woman's persona.
- C. A woman learns mothering behavior prior as early as a teenager.
- D. It accurately reflects the transitional process from being single to a married relationship.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ramona Mercer's becoming a mother (BAM) theory emphasizes the dynamic transformation and evolution of a woman's persona as she transitions into motherhood. This theory acknowledges that becoming a mother is a process involving significant changes in a woman's identity, roles, and relationships. It goes beyond just the physical aspects of giving birth and delves into the psychological, emotional, and social aspects of motherhood. Therefore, statement B aligns with the core principles of Mercer's BAM theory and fosters the understanding of the process of becoming a mother.
In CO-PAR, which is the MOST important role of the public health nurse?
- A. Caregiver
- B. Financer
- C. Expert
- D. Adviser
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In the context of CO-PAR (Community Organizing Participatory Action Research), the most important role of the public health nurse is being an expert. Public health nurses are expected to have specialized knowledge and skills in the field of public health, allowing them to provide evidence-based guidance and interventions to support community health initiatives. As an expert, the public health nurse can assess community needs, develop appropriate interventions, educate community members on health promotion and disease prevention, and evaluate the effectiveness of implemented programs. By utilizing their expertise, public health nurses can effectively contribute to improving the health outcomes and well-being of the community they serve.
Betamethasone (Celestone) is prescribed to be administered and the patient asks nurse Hope about the purpose of this medication?
- A. Promote fetal lung maturity.
- B. Prevent the premature closure of the ductus arteriosus.
- C. Delay delivery for at 1east 48 hours.
- D. Stop the premature uterine contractions.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Betamethasone (Celestone) is a corticosteroid medication that is commonly used to promote fetal lung maturity in pregnant women at risk of preterm delivery. Administering betamethasone to the mother helps accelerate the production of surfactant in the fetal lungs, which is essential for proper lung function and development. This medication is typically given to pregnant women between 24 and 34 weeks of gestation to reduce the risk of respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants. It does not prevent premature closure of the ductus arteriosus, delay delivery, or stop premature uterine contractions.