Nokea
You are caring for a patient who has just been told that her stage IV colon cancer has recurred and metastasized to the liver. The oncologist offers the patient the option of surgery to treat the progression of this disease. What type of surgery does the oncologist offer?
- A. Palliative
- B. Reconstructive
- C. Salvage
- D. Prophylactic
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Stage IV colon cancer with liver mets is endgame surgery here's palliative, easing pain, obstruction, or bleeding, not curing. Reconstructive fixes form post-cure, irrelevant now. Salvage hits recurrence after lighter tries, not this late stage. Prophylactic's preemptive, not reactive. Palliative's about comfort, aligning with oncology's shift to quality of life when cure's off the table, a tough but real talk nurses navigate.
You may also like to solve these questions
Mr XYZ, a 60-year-old, smoker with DM, hypertension and CKD Stage 3 sees you for routine chronic review. He reports recurrent gout flares past five weeks of increasing intensity and duration which he assumes is due to frequent travel and lack of exercise. His current laboratory results are creatinine 106, eGFR 56, uric acid 400, HbA1c 7.3%, random hypocount 8.5 mmol/L. He is currently taking glipizide 5 mg BD, Metformin 250 mg BD, Amlodipine 5 mg OM. What is the most appropriate management in this patient?
- A. Offer dietary advice
- B. Prescribe NSAIDs and medical certificate (MC)
- C. Increased exercise frequency (e.g. jogging at least 3 times per week)
- D. Initiate urate lowering therapy using allopurinol with colchicine prophylaxis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Gout flares, uric acid 400, CKD 3 allopurinol with colchicine tames crystals, not just diet, NSAIDs, jogging, or smoke quit. Nurses start this chronic uric brake.
Which of the following models calls for a political response to disability?
- A. Social
- B. Medical
- C. Activist
- D. Collaborative
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Social model demands political fixes disability's a society fail, not body flaw nurses see it push access, not just meds. Medical treats; activist's vague; collaborative teams up, no policy call. It's a chronic shift, environment over anatomy.
Which of the following statements regarding weight regulation is FALSE?
- A. Functional MRI (fMRI) studies have shown overactivation of reward-encoding brain regions and/or deficiency in cortical inhibitory networks in obese people
- B. The homeostatic weight regulation circuitry centres around the corticolimbic structures of the brain
- C. Liking and wanting of food are subconscious processes
- D. The reward system of weight regulation is nonhomeostatic in nature
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Weight regulation involves homeostatic (hypothalamic) and nonhomeostatic (reward-driven) systems. fMRI studies showing reward region overactivation in obesity, subconscious liking/wanting, and the reward system's nonhomeostatic nature are true. However, homeostatic regulation centers on the hypothalamus, not corticolimbic structures (involved in reward/emotion), making this false. Understanding this distinction aids physicians in addressing both physiological and behavioral drivers in chronic obesity management.
A nurse is caring for a client who was received in the emergency department with a heart rate of 220 beats per minute. The client's cardiac monitor displays supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). Which of the following interventions should the nurse anticipate?
- A. Apply compression stockings
- B. Perform Valsalva maneuver
- C. Draw labs
- D. Check blood glucose
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: SVT's 220 bpm blitz needs breaking Valsalva maneuver, bearing down, jolts the vagus nerve, slowing rate, a first-line trick. Stockings aid veins, not rhythm. Labs or glucose inform, don't fix. Nurses anticipate this, calming tachycardia, a quick, non-invasive hit in this racing heart emergency.
The nurse is caring for a 6-year-old child with leukemia who is having an oncological emergency. Which of the following signs and symptoms would indicate hyperleukocytosis?
- A. Bradycardia and distinct S1 and S2 sounds
- B. Wheezing and diminished breath sounds
- C. Respiratory distress and poor tissue perfusion
- D. Intermittent fever and frequent vomiting
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hyperleukocytosis, a leukemia emergency with white blood cell counts over 100,000/mm³, causes blood hyperviscosity, leading to venous stasis and microvessel occlusion by blast cells. This results in respiratory distress (from lung infarction or hypoxemia) and poor tissue perfusion (from impaired circulation), critical signs requiring urgent intervention like leukapheresis or hydration. Bradycardia and clear heart sounds don't fit tachycardia might occur from hypoxia, not bradycardia. Wheezing and diminished breath sounds suggest asthma or infection, not hyperleukocytosis's systemic impact. Fever and vomiting are non-specific and less acute here. Nurses recognizing these symptoms prioritize airway and circulation support, aligning with oncology's focus on rapid response to life-threatening complications in pediatric leukemia care.