Nokea
You are evaluating a 9-year-old boy child with ALL who recently develops relapse; an important statement that should be mentioned to his parents is
- A. testicular relapse occurs in the majority of boys with ALL
- B. such relapse occurs as painful swelling of one or both testes
- C. the diagnosis is confirmed by ultrasonography
- D. the majority of affected boys can be successfully retreated, and the survival rate is good
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Most boys with testicular relapse can be successfully treated, and their overall survival remains favorable.
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A client suspected of having colorectal cancer will require which diagnostic study to confirm the diagnosis?
- A. Stool hematest
- B. Abdominal computed tomography (CT)
- C. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) scan
- D. Sigmoidoscopy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Sigmoidoscopy is a diagnostic study that allows direct visualization of the lower part of the colon and rectum using a flexible tube with a camera at its end, called a sigmoidoscope. This procedure enables the healthcare provider to visually inspect the lining of the colon and rectum, identify any abnormal growths, such as tumors or polyps, and obtain tissue samples for biopsy if necessary. In the case of suspected colorectal cancer, sigmoidoscopy is crucial for confirming the diagnosis by directly visualizing any cancerous lesions or abnormal tissue changes in the colon and rectum. Other diagnostic tests, such as stool hematest, abdominal CT, and CEA scan, may aid in the evaluation and staging of colorectal cancer but are not as effective in confirming the diagnosis as sigmoidoscopy. Thus, sigmoidoscopy is the preferred diagnostic study for definitively diagnosing colorectal cancer in a client suspected of having the disease.
Through which of the following does lymph return to the blood?
- A. Carotid arteries
- B. Inferior vena cava
- C. Aorta
- D. Subclavian veins
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Lymph returns to the blood circulation through the subclavian veins. The lymphatic system collects excess fluid, proteins, and waste products from the tissues and returns them to the bloodstream. The lymphatic vessels eventually converge into larger lymphatic ducts, and these ducts empty the lymph into the subclavian veins near the heart. From there, the lymph mixes with the blood, allowing it to circulate throughout the body and maintain fluid balance.
The birthweight usually quadruples by the age of
- A. 1.5 years
- B. 2 years
- C. 2.5 years
- D. 3 years
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Birthweight typically quadruples by 2 years.
All the following are recognizable teratogens EXCEPT
- A. ethanol
- B. antiepileptic medications
- C. toxoplasmosis
- D. hypothermia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hypothermia is not traditionally considered a teratogen compared to others listed.
Which statement by the mother of an 18-month-old would lead the nurse to believe that the child should be referred for further evaluation for developmental delay?
- A. My child is able to stand but is not yet taking steps independently.
- B. My child has a vocabulary of approximately 15 words.
- C. My child is still sucking his thumb.
- D. My child seems to be quite wary of strangers.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: By 15 to 18 months, most toddlers should be walking independently. An 18-month-old who is not yet walking warrants further evaluation.