Nokea
You are providing patient teaching for 46-year-old Anthony about his new medication levothyroxine. Treatment for hypothyroidism includes:
- A. Testosterone gel applied daily.
- B. Levothyroxine taken orally daily.
- C. Rapid-acting insulin injections taken with food.
- D. Propranolol taken daily until symptoms resolve.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Levothyroxine is a synthetic form of thyroid hormone used to treat hypothyroidism, and it should be taken daily to restore normal thyroid hormone levels.
You may also like to solve these questions
Which is a water soluble vitamin?
- A. D
- B. B12
- C. A
- D. K
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: B12. Vitamin B12 is water-soluble because it dissolves in water, allowing it to be easily absorbed and transported in the bloodstream. It plays a crucial role in nerve function, red blood cell production, and DNA synthesis. Vitamins D, A, and K are fat-soluble vitamins, meaning they are absorbed along with fats in the diet and are stored in the body's fat tissues. Since they are not water-soluble, they require bile for absorption and are stored in the body for longer periods. Hence, B12 is the only water-soluble vitamin among the given choices.
Which is TRUE?
- A. adenosine triphosphate is a low energy phosphate
- B. reduction involves loss of hydrogen or electrons
- C. oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum
- D. ATP is precursor of cyclic AMP
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for choice D being correct:
1. ATP is an energy carrier molecule.
2. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a precursor of cyclic AMP.
3. Cyclic AMP is a secondary messenger involved in cellular signaling.
4. Therefore, choice D is true.
Summary of incorrect choices:
A: Adenosine triphosphate is a high-energy phosphate, not low.
B: Reduction involves gain, not loss, of electrons.
C: Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondria, not the endoplasmic reticulum.
The hypothalamus secretes releasing and inhibiting hormones that regulate the production and secretion of hormones from the:
- A. adrenal cortex
- B. anterior pituitary gland
- C. posterior pituitary gland
- D. thyroid gland
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: anterior pituitary gland. The hypothalamus secretes releasing and inhibiting hormones that travel to the anterior pituitary gland through the hypophyseal portal system, where they regulate the production and secretion of various hormones. This control mechanism ensures proper hormonal balance in the body. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the adrenal cortex, posterior pituitary gland, and thyroid gland are not directly regulated by the hypothalamus through releasing and inhibiting hormones.
Which row shows active transport?
- A. particles move from high concentration to low concentration, particles move from low concentration to high concentration, requires energy
- B. particles move from high concentration to low concentration, particles move from low concentration to high concentration, requires energy
- C. particles move from high concentration to low concentration, particles move from low concentration to high concentration, requires energy
- D. particles move from high concentration to low concentration, particles move from low concentration to high concentration, requires energy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because active transport involves the movement of particles from low concentration to high concentration, which goes against the natural flow of diffusion and requires energy input. In active transport, cells use ATP to pump substances across the cell membrane against their concentration gradient. This process allows cells to accumulate essential molecules or ions that are needed in higher concentrations inside the cell. Choices A, B, and D all describe passive transport processes where particles move with the concentration gradient and do not require energy input.
Melatonin is secreted by which gland?
- A. Pineal gland
- B. Thyroid
- C. Thymus
- D. Adrenal
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pineal gland. Melatonin is a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles and is primarily secreted by the pineal gland located in the brain. The pineal gland responds to darkness by releasing melatonin, which helps to induce sleep. The other choices, B: Thyroid, C: Thymus, and D: Adrenal, do not secrete melatonin. The thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate metabolism, the thymus gland is involved in immune function, and the adrenal glands secrete hormones like cortisol and adrenaline. Therefore, the pineal gland is the correct answer for melatonin secretion.