Nokea
You are precepting a nurse who has recently graduated and passed the NCLEX examination. The new nurse has been on the unit for only 2 days. Which patient should you assign to the new nurse?
- A. A 68-year-old diabetic who is experiencing signs of hyperglycemia including rapid, deep breathing and mental status changes
- B. A 58-year-old diabetic with peripheral neuropathy and cellulitis of the left ankle
- C. A 49-year-old diabetic who has just returned from post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) after a below-the-knee amputation (BKA)
- D. A 72-year-old diabetic with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) on an IV insulin drip
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The 58-year-old diabetic with peripheral neuropathy and cellulitis is a stable patient, and this case provides an opportunity for the new nurse to practice assessment and care management.
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ADH ________.
- A. increases urine production
- B. promotes dehydration
- C. is produced in the adenohypophysis
- D. is inhibited by alcohol
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because alcohol inhibits the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the pituitary gland. ADH helps regulate water balance by promoting water reabsorption in the kidneys, reducing urine output. Alcohol impairs this process, leading to increased urine production and dehydration. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because ADH decreases urine production, prevents dehydration, and is produced in the neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary), not the adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary).
Which part of pancreas lies near the hilum of the spleen?
- A. Head
- B. Neck
- C. Body
- D. Tail
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step 1: The pancreas is an elongated organ located behind the stomach.
Step 2: The tail of the pancreas is the left end of the organ and is closest to the hilum of the spleen.
Step 3: The spleen and the tail of the pancreas are adjacent to each other in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen.
Step 4: Therefore, the correct answer is D: Tail.
Summary:
- A: Head is incorrect as it is the right end of the pancreas, farther away from the spleen.
- B: Neck is incorrect as it is the narrow portion between the head and body, not near the spleen.
- C: Body is incorrect as it is the central and longest part of the pancreas, not near the spleen.
- D: Tail is correct as it is the left end of the pancreas, nearest to the hilum of the spleen.
Chief cells secrete:
- A. HCl
- B. pepsinogen
- C. intrinsic factor
- D. HCO3-
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chief cells in the stomach secrete pepsinogen, which is the inactive precursor of pepsin, an enzyme that helps break down proteins. This is the correct answer because pepsinogen is the primary product secreted by chief cells. HCl is secreted by parietal cells, intrinsic factor is secreted by parietal cells in the stomach, and HCO3- is secreted by the pancreas to neutralize stomach acid in the duodenum.
This Hormone is Not Secreted by Hypothalamus
- A. PRH
- B. FSH
- C. CRH
- D. TRH
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct Answer: B (FSH)
Rationale:
1. FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, not the hypothalamus.
2. PRH (Prolactin Releasing Hormone), CRH (Corticotropin Releasing Hormone), and TRH (Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone) are all hormones secreted by the hypothalamus, involved in regulating pituitary hormone release.
3. Therefore, FSH is the correct answer as it is not directly secreted by the hypothalamus.
Summary:
- FSH is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, not the hypothalamus.
- PRH, CRH, and TRH are hormones secreted by the hypothalamus.
- Understanding the origin of each hormone helps in determining the correct answer.
Which type of food remains in the stomach longest?
- A. Carbohydrate
- B. Proteins
- C. Fats
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Fats. Fats take the longest to digest due to their complex structure, requiring more time and effort for the stomach to break them down. This slow digestion process leads to fats staying in the stomach longer compared to carbohydrates and proteins. Carbohydrates are typically broken down relatively quickly, while proteins take longer than carbohydrates but are still processed more efficiently than fats. Therefore, fats remain in the stomach longest among the given options.