Nokea
In its action in cells, aldosterone
- A. increases transport of ENaCs from the cytoplasm to the cell membrane
- B. does not act on the cell membrane
- C. binds to a receptor excluded from the nucleus
- D. may activate a heat shock protein
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because aldosterone increases the transport of epithelial sodium channels (ENaCs) from the cytoplasm to the cell membrane. This process leads to enhanced sodium reabsorption in the kidneys, promoting water retention and increasing blood pressure. Choices B and C are incorrect as aldosterone does act on the cell membrane and binds to a receptor located in the cytoplasm, which then translocates to the nucleus. Choice D is incorrect as aldosterone does not directly activate heat shock proteins.
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Chemical signals that affect the behavior of other glands and tissues are _____.
- A. enzymes.
- B. hormones.
- C. carbohydrates.
- D. metabolites.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: hormones. Hormones are chemical signals produced by glands that travel through the bloodstream to affect the behavior of other glands and tissues. Enzymes (choice A) are catalysts for chemical reactions, not signaling molecules. Carbohydrates (choice C) are energy sources and structural components, not signaling molecules. Metabolites (choice D) are the byproducts of metabolism, not signaling molecules. Hormones are specifically designed to regulate physiological processes in the body by acting on target cells, making them the most fitting choice among the options provided.
Which of the following inhibits the secretion of growth hormone by the anterior pituitary?
- A. Sleep
- B. Stress
- C. Puberty
- D. Somatomedins
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Somatomedins. Somatomedins, also known as insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), inhibit the secretion of growth hormone by negative feedback on the anterior pituitary. When somatomedins are present in sufficient levels, they signal to the pituitary gland to decrease the secretion of growth hormone.
A: Sleep does not directly inhibit the secretion of growth hormone. In fact, growth hormone is predominantly secreted during sleep.
B: Stress can stimulate the secretion of growth hormone, rather than inhibit it.
C: Puberty is a stage of development where growth hormone secretion is typically increased, not inhibited.
Priority Decision: What is the priority nursing intervention during the management of the patient with pheochromocytoma?
- A. Administering IV fluids
- B. Administering β-adrenergic blockers
- C. Monitoring blood pressure
- D. Monitoring intake and output and daily weights
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In managing pheochromocytoma, monitoring and controlling blood pressure is the priority intervention due to the risk of hypertensive crises caused by catecholamine secretion from the tumor.
Which is TRUE?
- A. adenosine triphosphate is a low energy phosphate
- B. reduction involves loss of hydrogen or electrons
- C. oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum
- D. ATP is precursor of cyclic AMP
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for choice D being correct:
1. ATP is an energy carrier molecule.
2. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a precursor of cyclic AMP.
3. Cyclic AMP is a secondary messenger involved in cellular signaling.
4. Therefore, choice D is true.
Summary of incorrect choices:
A: Adenosine triphosphate is a high-energy phosphate, not low.
B: Reduction involves gain, not loss, of electrons.
C: Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondria, not the endoplasmic reticulum.
What is the density of the block and does it float or sink in the liquid?
- A. 0.50, floats
- B. 0.50, sinks
- C. 2.0, floats
- D. 2.0, sinks
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: 2.0, sinks. Density is calculated by mass/volume. If the density of the block is 2.0, it means it is denser than the liquid (density of water is around 1.0), so it will sink. If the density was 0.50, it would be less dense than the liquid and float, making choices A and C incorrect. Choice B is also incorrect as a block with a density of 0.50 would float.